you are good friends with Sashia, it’s pretty easy to recognize her aliases, er, I mean . . . it’s pretty easy to remember the variants:
| Masc/Fem | Neut | |
| Nom. Sing. | -ς/- | - |
| Gen. Sing. | -ος | |
| Dat. Sing. | -ι | |
| Acc. Sing. | -α/ν | - |
| Nom. Pl. | -ες | -α |
| Gen. Pl. | -ων | |
| Dat. Pl. | -σι(ν) | |
| Ac. Pl. | -ας | -α |
Keeping Sashia Es-own-sea-as in mind, try naming the case of the following words. I’ve given the article to help out on most of them, since most of the time you’ll have the article available in the New Testament, too! Cover up the case column and name each case. Then check yourself.
| Case | Number | Case | Number | |||
| ὁ αἰών | n | s | τῶν πατέρων | g | p | |
| τῆς μητρός | g | s | τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος | g | s | |
| ἄνδρες | n | p | τῇ ἀναστάσει | d | s | |
| ὁ δράκων | n | s | ὁ ἀλέκτωρ | n | s | |
| ἡ ἀνάστασις | n | s | αἰῶνας | a | p | |
| τῇ ἐλπίδι | d | s | τοῖς σφραγῖσιν | d | p | |
| τὰς νύκτας | a | p | τοῦ αἰῶνος | g | s | |
| τῇ χειρί | d | s | πόδες | n | p | |
| τοῖς ἄρχουσιν | d | p | τοῦ ἀστέρος | g | s | |
| σώματα | n/a | p | τὴν σάρκα | a | s | |
How’d you do? About 90 percent? If so, you’re right on track. If you really want to go deeper into the third declension, that’s great. Here are the page numbers that cover third declension from several popular beginning Greek grammars: Machen 97–101, Mounce (2nd ed.) 75–88, Mounce (3rd ed.) 77–88, Summers (revised by Sawyer) 83–92. Feel free to look them up. But remember, you don’t have to memorize all those third declension variants. After all, you’re trying to read the New Testament in Greek, not write in Greek!
So, there you have it . . . a rough-and-tumble review of the third declension. Not so bad, right? Before I send you off to practice a little, let me say one more time: don’t feel like you have to master the third declension before you move on to the next lesson. Don’t get bogged down in the details. You’ll pick up on the details as you practice more and more. Just concentrate on getting the basics presented here, and then move on. The last thing we want at this stage is to get discouraged. Don’t even think about giving up now! You’ve tackled one of the rough spots head-on and you’re coming out the other side. Be encouraged. You’re making great progress!
Exercise 9
Read as many of the following verses as your time allows. Identify the third declension words and sort out the subjects, objects, indirect objects, and “possessives” in each sentence. Use one of the literal translations to check your work.
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