Acknowledgements
We convey our thanks to many persons that in one way or another have been involved in the book.
Thanks to Olav Kaarstad for inputs to CO2 storage, Kjell Erik Rian for gas compression and separation, Ivar Ertesvåg for efficiency definitions and separation work, and Tord Ursin for efficiency calculations and definitions.
Multiple experts have provided inputs and feedback on the CO2 capture methods including Hallvard Svendsen for gas absorption, Konrad Eichhorn Colombo for inputs on membranes and the AZEP, May-Britt Hägg on membranes, Giorgia Mondino on adsorption, Ed Blekkan on gas reforming, Ola Maurstad on coal gasification, and Peter Koch on combustion. Thank you all!
For proofreading, we thank Zeinab Amrollahi, Aldo Bischi, and Rahul Anantharaman.
Many thanks to Konstantinos Kyprianidis and the SOFIA research group at Mälardalen University for hosting Lars Nord during his sabbatical under which the book was finalized.
And of course, last but not the least, we thank our wives Synnøve (Olav) and Nataša (Lars) for the patience and having to hear more than you probably have liked to about this book.
Nomenclature
Latin Symbols
| a | effective interfacial area per unit volume of packing | m2/m3 |
| A | cross-sectional area | m2 |
| A m | membrane surface area | m2 |
| c p | specific heat capacity at constant pressure | kJ/(kg K) |
| c v | specific heat capacity at constant volume | kJ/(kg K) |
| d g | abundance of gas component g | kg |
| F | Faraday constant | — |
| h | specific enthalpy on mass basis | kJ/kg |
 |
specific enthalpy on molar basis | kJ/kmol |
 |
specific enthalpy of formation on molar basis | kJ/kmol |
| H | enthalpy | kJ |
| H 0 | enthalpy of formation | kJ |
| He | Henry's law constant | Pa/kmol fraction gas in liquid |
| He ′ | Henry's law constant | (Pa m3)/kmol gas in liquid |
| HHV | higher heating value | kJ/kg |
| HR | heat rate | kJ/kWh |
| J i | flux through a membrane | m/s |
| LHV | lower heating value | kJ/kg |
| m | mass | kg or t |
 |
mass flow rate | kg/s |
| MW | molecular weight | kg/kmol |
| n | polytropic coefficient | — |
| n i | number of moles for specie i | mol |
| Nu | Nusselt number | |
| p | absolute pressure | Pa, bar |
| p f | partial pressure of the permeated gas at the feed side of a membrane | Pa, bar |
| p i | partial pressure of component i | Pa, bar |
| p p | partial pressure of the permeated gas at the permeate side of a membrane | Pa, bar |
| P | membrane permeability | m3(STP)/(m h bar) |
| Pr | Prandtl number | |
| q i | gas adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent | mol gas/kg adsorbent |
| q p,i | volumetric flow rate through membrane | m3(STP)/h |
