gene expression, but rather directly by a component of the viral particle.
Tyler KL, McPhee DA, Fields BN. 1986. Distinct pathways of viral spread in the host determined by reovirus S1 gene segment. Science 233:770–774.
With the use of reassortant viruses, the reoviral S1 RNA segment was shown to be responsible for determining the capacity of reoviruses to spread to the central nervous system (CNS).
Tyler KL, Virgin HW IV, Bassel-Duby R, Fields BN. 1989. Antibody inhibits defined stages in the pathogenesis of reovirus serotype 3 infection of the central nervous system. J Exp Med 170:887–900.
The authors conclude that systemic immunoglobulin G does not play a significant role at the primary site of infection with reoviruses, whereas it acts to prevent infection of the CNS and extension of infection within the CNS.
Wallace GD, Buller RM. 1985. Kinetics of ectromelia virus (mousepox) transmission and clinical response in C57BL/6j, BALB/cByj and AKR/J in bred mice. Lab Anim Sci 35:41–46.
Differences in infection kinetics were chronicled in various inbred mouse strains, identifying key host restriction factors that limit viral infection or disease.
STUDY QUESTIONS
1 Which of the following can impact the ability of a barrier to prevent infection of an individual host? (Select all that are appropriate.)Time of year and humidityGenetics of the potential hostConcentration of the viral inoculumHealth of the host
2 Not all virus encounters with receptor-bearing cells lead to a productive infection. List four obstacles that could preclude a productive infection.
3 What host and viral parameters govern whether a virus will remain localized or can disseminate into other tissues?
4 Define three ways by which viruses can gain access to the brain, and provide an example for each.
5 For each of the following potential portals of entry, define key anatomical and/or physiological barriers that might prevent infection. (Select all that are appropriate.)Portals of EntrySting from an infected arthropodInhalation of virus-laden aerosol dropletsIngestion of virus-contaminated foodsExposure to semen from an infected maleKeratinized dead cell layerMucusLow pHBlood-brain barrier
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