8Figure 8.1. Helmholtz resonators (source: University of Toronto, Department of P...Figure 8.2. Koening spectral analyzer (source: CNAM 12605)Figure 8.3. Sections of the vocal tract obtained by molding (Sanchez and Boë 198...Figure 8.4. Section showing the articulatory configuration for vowel [ə] (adapte...Figure 8.5. Single-tube vowel model [ə]Figure 8.6. Frequency response for a 17.5 cm 1-tube model, spectrogram, Fourier ...Figure 8.7. Two-tube model for oral vowelsFigure 8.8. Graphical resolution of the two-tube model of vowel [a] giving the f...Figure 8.9. Frequency response for a two-tube model, spectrogram, Fourier and Pr...Figure 8.10. Variations in anterior (5 to 7 cm2) and posterior (0.5 to 3 cm2) ca...Figure 8.11. Variations in the ratio of anterior (8 to 10 cm) and posterior (7 t...Figure 8.12. Two-tube models for different oral vowels and corresponding formant...Figure 8.13. Model with three tubes of [m] (based on Flanagan (1965))Figure 8.14. Distribution of formants and anti-formants for the nasal consonant ...Figure 8.15. Graphic resolution of the three-tube model of the nasal consonant [...Figure 8.16. Graphic resolution of the three-tube nasal vowel model [ã]. The red...Figure 8.17. Distribution of formants and anti-formants for the nasal vowel [ã]Figure 8.18a. Fourier and Prony spectrogram and spectra, nasal vowel [ã] above, ...Figure 8.18b. Fourier and Prony spectrogram and spectra, nasal vowel [ã] above, ...Figure 8.19. Model with n tubes obtained by segmentation of sagittal sections (M...9 AppendixFigure A.1. Trigonometric circleFigure A.2. Sine function sin (α)Figure A.3. Cosine function cos (α)Figure A.4. Tangent function tg (α)Figure A.5. Cotangent function cotg (α)
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1. Some examples of sound propagation speed in different materials at a ...Table 1.2. Change in the frequency of the reference “A” over the centuries (sour...Table 1.3. Frequencies of musical notesTable 1.4. Correspondence between loudness and phons
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1. Milestones in speech recording processes3
3 Chapter 6Table 6.1. Phonetic symbols for French and EnglishTable 6.2. Peak values of the Prony spectrum of order 12, 10 and 8Table 6.3. Peak values of the Prony spectrum of order 6, 4 and 2
4 AppendixFigure A.1. Trigonometric circleFigure A.2. Sine function sin (α)Figure A.3. Cosine function cos (α)Figure A.4. Tangent function tg (α)Figure A.5. Cotangent function cotg (α)
Guide
1 Cover
5 Preface
7 Appendix
9 Index
Pages
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2 iii
3 iv
4 ix
5 x
6 1
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