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Taylor and colleagues at the University of Minnesota report success in creating a beating rat heart by injecting cells from newborn rats into the valves and outer structure of a dead rat heart.January 17, 2008:Andrew J. French and colleagues report in Stem Cells that they have successfully used somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce cloned human embryos from adult skin cells.February 20, 2008:Scientists at Novocell, a private biotechnology company located in San Diego, announce that they have successfully used hESCs to control diabetes in mice whose own insulin-producing cells had been destroyed.April 2008:Rudolf Jaenisch, working at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at MIT, demonstrates that iPS cells reprogrammed to act as neurons could be used to treat Parkinson Disease symptoms in animal models.November 13, 2008:The United Kingdom passes the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, amending the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. Among its provisions are banning sex selection of embryos other than for medical reasons; recognizing the right of same-sex couples to parent children through donated embryos, sperm, or eggs; and recognizing the state’s right to regulate the in vitro creation of human and human-admixed embryos, the latter referring to embryos created for research purposes using both human and animal genetic material. January 2010:Working at Stanford University, Marius Wernig creates functional neurons in vitro from converted mouse skin cells.February 2010:Rebecca Skloot publishes The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, a biography of the woman whose cells produced the HeLa line commonly used in scientific research. Skloot’s book won numerous awards and sparked public discussion over informed consent and other ethical questions in scientific research.March 2010:The organization EuroStemCell is founded, with funding from the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme, as a partnership among stem cell researchers, clinicians, ethicists, journalists, and educators.August 2010:Working at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, California, Deepak Srivastava creates mouse heart cells by reprogramming non-muscle mouse cells.October 2011:In Bruestle vs. Greenpeace, the European Court of Justice rules that inventions and technologies based on human embryonic stem cells cannot be patented within the European Union.2012:Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka are jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in creating induced pluripotent stem cells.April 2012:Deepak Srivastava demonstrates, in animal research, that heart function following a heart attack can be improved by reprogramming scar tissue from the heart attack into beating heart cells.June 2012:Steven Finkbeiner and members of the International Huntington’s Disease consortium develop the first human cell-culture model of Huntington’s Disease.October 4, 2012:Mitinori Saitou and colleagues at Kyoto University announce that they have successfully reprogrammed mouse stem cells to create egg precursor cells. When mixed with cells from female mice, these cells developed into eggs, which were then fertilized by IVF and grew into normal baby mice.April 2013:According to a report by EuroStemCell, over the years 2008 through 2012, publications about stem cell research were cited 50 percent more often than the average for all scientific papers. In 2008, publications about embryonic stem cell research had an impact factor of 1.80 (meaning that on average each publication was cited in 1.80 other publications). Papers about human embryonic stem cells had an even higher impact factor, although it declined slightly over the years, from 2.35 in 2008 to 2.08 in 2012. Countries with the highest publication activity concerning stem cell research include Singapore (80 percent higher than the global average), Italy (65 percent higher), the United States (61 percent higher), Japan (53 percent higher), and Israel (52 percent higher).May 16, 2013:Shoukhrat Mitalipov and colleagues at Oregon Health and Science University report that they have produced human embryonic stem cells by reprogramming human skin cells.July 20, 2013:Robin Ali and colleagues at University College London demonstrate that light-sensitive retinal cells, created in the lab from stem cells, can be integrated into the eye cells of blind mice. This research suggests that similar treatments might be developed for humans who have become blind through retinal damage.August 5, 2013:In an event televised by the BBC, Mark Post, a physiologist at Maastricht University, presents the world’s first hamburger made from lab-grown beef. Post said his purpose was to create meat for human consumption while avoiding the global pollution caused by conventional beef production.January 29, 2014:Haruko Obokata and colleagues, working in Kobe, Japan, announce that they have developed a simple and quick way to create stem cells by treating animal cells with an acidic solution. However, other researchers were unable to duplicate her work and, in April 2014, Obokata is found guilty of misconduct due to discrepancies in her work. February 1, 2014:Researchers working at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco announce in the journal Cell Stem Cell that they have successfully used transplants of stem cells in mice to replace damaged pancreas cells. If successfully translated to humans, this suggests that future stem cell research may be able to provide a cure for Type I diabetes.March 28, 2014:New Scientist reports that, in a survey of stem cell researchers from around the world, over half felt that they were subject to greater scrutiny than researchers in other scientific fields, but that most felt this did not affect their work. However, a minority (16 percent) said that they also felt pressure to publish results of their work too quickly, and a smaller minority (3 percent) said they felt pressure to behave unethically, for instance to falsity or augment data for a publication.May 2014:A team of researchers at ReNeuron, a company in Guildford, U.K., report that stroke patients treated by having stem cells injected into their brains show measurable improvements one year later, with higher quality of life, and lower disability, handicap, and dependency.July 2014:Two papers published in Nature, which claimed that the authors had produced embryonic-like stem cells by dipping adult cells into an acid bath, are retracted. The author, from the Riken Institute in Kobe, Japan, withdrew the papers after no independent team was able to reproduce their results, and after public scrutiny revealed many flaws including manipulated pictures and mislabeled images in the papers.November 2014:Foteini Hassiotou and colleagues report that stem cells in breast milk can be transmitted from mother to offspring in mouse models. Their results suggest that the stem cells in breast milk can enter the offspring’s blood via their stomach, and play a functional role in the offspring’s life.January 15, 2015:Researchers at Stanford University, led by Charles Chan and David Lo, publish an article in Cell reporting their discovery of the stem cell that gives rise to bone, cartilage, and stroma, the latter being part of the bone marrow. The team, working with mice, also charted the chemical signals that create skeletal stem cells and steer their development into different tissue types.March 2015:Timothy Kieffer and colleagues report successful results from an experiment combining human stem cell transplantation and antidiabetic drugs in treating Type 2 diabetes in a mouse model.
Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
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Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. is a leading U.S. manufacturer of patient-specific stem cell therapies that are designed to treat persistent, severe cardiovascular conditions such as congestive heart failure and peripheral arterial disease. The company’s research and development efforts are centered on creating an individualized multicellular therapy called ixmyelocel-T that is derived from stem cells originating in each patient’s own bone marrow. The bone marrow is extracted and subjected to Aastrom’s proprietary cell-processing technology, which stimulates natural production of various cell types that play key roles in tissue repair and healing. The processed marrow is delivered back into the patient’s damaged tissue by way of direct infusion, injection, or transplant to promote sustained restoration of tissues and organs. Aastrom expanded its cell therapy portfolio in 2014 with the acquisition of Sanofi’s Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine business.
Proprietary Cell-Processing Technology
Since its founding in 1989,
