through these ages creates a growing source of anxiety and conflict among children and parents of immigrant families. Each passage may involve numerous negotiations in the family with frequent fall outs and the felt impact exacerbated if it is perceived that these are relatively easy transitions for American families. Indeed, the mere act of argument with parents at this age may be deemed as a sign of immaturity and a lack of readiness for adult privileges and responsibilities!
The manifestation of dissonance and internal conflict brought on by these rites of passages differ from individual to individual. The differences are however, more pronounced by the distinction made so well by Agwu Chinaka31 regarding first generation, 1.5 generation and second generation children, as already discussed in chapter 1.
Though presented here as a source of dissonance both for the children and the parents due to their differing perspectives of the developmental stages, we believe that rites of passage have the power to help the child and parents integrate the two words amicably. They are therefore the focus of chapter nine as an effective mode of intervention among immigrant families.
26. Cross, Negro to Black Conversion Experience, 13–17.
27. Winnicott, Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena.
28. Sue and Sue, Counseling the Culturally Diverse.
29. Mbiti, Introduction to African Religions, 108.
30. Kohut, Analysis of the Self, 41.
31. Agwu, Acculturation and Racial Identity Attitudes.
II
Case Studies and Research
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