Chaucerian and Other Pieces. Various

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discordaunt, hygher that oon and lower that other, ben

      mad evenliche in gree to stonde. But now to enfourme thee

      that ye ben liche to goddes, these clerkes sayn, and in determinacion

      shewen, that "three thinges haven [by] the names

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      of goddes ben cleped; that is to sayn: man, divel, and images";

      but yet is there but oon god, of whom al goodnesse, al grace, and

      al vertue cometh; and he †is loving and trewe, and everlasting,

      and pryme cause of al being thinges. But men ben goddes

      lovinge and trewe, but not everlasting; and that is by adopcioun

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      of the everlastinge god. Divels ben goddes, stirringe by

      a maner of lyving; but neither ben they trewe ne everlastinge;

      and their name of godliheed th[e]y han by usurpacion, as the

      prophete sayth: "Al goddes of gentyles (that is to say, paynims)

      are divels." But images ben goddes by nuncupacion; and they

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      ben neither livinge ne trewe, ne everlastinge. After these wordes

      they clepen "goddes" images wrought with mennes handes.

      But now [art thou a] resonable creature, that by adopcion alone

      art to the grete god everlastinge, and therby thou art "god"

      cleped: let thy †faders maners so entre thy wittes that thou might

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      folowe, in-as-moche as longeth to thee, thy †faders worship, so

      that in nothinge thy kynde from his wil declyne, ne from his

      nobley perverte. In this wyse if thou werche, thou art above

      al other thinges save god alone; and so say no more "thyn herte

      to serve in to hye a place."

      Ch. IX. 1. arte. 2. thynge. 3. thyne. leaue. 5. reason. 6. nowe. bearers. 7. purpose. 9. Yea. 10. -thorowe. steered. 13. leneth; read leueth. 15. thyne. 16. arne. I supply thee. 17. the. 18. myne hert.

      20. maye. 23. Nowe. are; read that. 24. the. 25. shalte. 26. one. 27. Howe. to forne. 31. fye. 38. vnderputte. 39. thynge. made. 40. buxome. 41. manne. 43. reason. 44. knytte. 45. lyuenges. reasonable. made. 47. Nowe. 48. nowe. nowe ferre nowe. thousande. 49. nowe (twice). ferre. momente. 50. tenne. disposytion. 52. nowe. I supply arn. vnderputte. 53. reasonable. 54. lordshippe. thynge.

      56. nothynge. the. 57. wote. euyn. 58. arte. 59. manne (twice). 60. soueraygntie. cease. 61. thoughe putte. 64. haste. 64–5. nowe. 68. haste. dethe. 70. nowe pray. 71. For in read on? comforte. 72. lette the. 75. wylte. 76. dethe anone. 77. benommen; read benimen. 79. the. 81. the. 83. none (twice). 84. hytherto. 85. Supply that. thorowe one. 86. togyther. dethe. 87. ydeot wotte. 88. accorde. 89. waye (twice). 90. consente.

      93. onely. 93–4. accorde. 94. ensealed. 96. breaken forwarde. 97. ensealed. kepte. 98. se nowe. accorde. 99. bade. 101. toforne. 102. luste. 103. father and mother; rather, fader and moder. adherande. 105. werne. 106. one. 107. made. nowe. the. 108. sayne. 109. thre. I supply by. 110. cleaped. 111. one. 112. his; read is. 116. lyueng. 117. thy; read they. 118. saythe. 121. cleapen. 122. nowe. I supply art thou a. reasonable. 123. arte (twice). great. 124. lette. 124–5. fathers; read faders. 125. the. worshyppe.

      127. arte.

      CHAPTER X.

      Fully have I now declared thyn estate to be good, so thou

      folow therafter, and that the †objeccion first †by thee

      aleged, in worthinesse of thy Margaryte, shal not thee lette, as

      it shal forther thee, and encrese thee. It is now to declare, the

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      last objeccion in nothing may greve.'

      'Yes, certes,' quod I, 'bothe greve and lette muste it nedes;

      the contrarye may not ben proved; and see now why. Whyle

      I was glorious in worldly welfulnesse, and had suche goodes in

      welth as maken men riche, tho was I drawe in-to companyes

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      that loos, prise, and name yeven. Tho louteden blasours; tho

      curreyden glosours; tho welcomeden flatterers; tho worshipped

      thilke that now deynen nat to loke. Every wight, in such erthly

      wele habundant, is holde noble, precious, benigne, and wyse to

      do what he shal, in any degree that men him sette; al-be-it that

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      the sothe be in the contrarye of al tho thinges. But he that can

      never so wel him behave, and hath vertue habundaunt in manyfolde

      maners, and be nat welthed with suche erthly goodes, is holde

      for a foole, and sayd, his wit is but sotted. Lo! how fals for

      aver is holde trewe! Lo! how trewe is cleped fals for wanting

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      of goodes! Also, lady, dignitees of office maken men mikel

      comended, as thus: "he is so good, were he out, his pere shulde

      men not fynde." Trewly, I trowe of some suche that are so

      praysed, were they out ones, another shulde make him so be

      knowe, he shulde of no wyse no more ben loked after: but only

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      fooles, wel I wot, desyren suche newe thinges. Wherfore I wonder

      that thilke governour, out of whom alone the causes proceden

      that governen al thinges, whiche that hath ordeyned this world

      in workes of the kyndely bodyes so be governed, not with

      unstedfast or happyous thing, but with rules of reson, whiche

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      shewen

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