Nature's Teachings: Human Invention Anticipated by Nature. J. G. Wood

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       ARCHITECTURE. CHAPTER I.

       The Hut.

       Floors and Pillars.

       Tunnel Entrance to the Dwelling.

       Doors and Hinges.

       ARCHITECTURE. CHAPTER II.

       Mud Walls.

       Porches, Eaves, and Windows.

       ARCHITECTURE. CHAPTER III.

       The Window.

       Girders, Ties, and Buttresses.

       The Tunnel used as a Passage.

       The Suspension-bridge.

       ARCHITECTURE. CHAPTER IV.

       The Dam.

       Subterranean Dwellings.

       The Pyramid.

       Subaquatic Mortar.—Paint and Varnish.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER I. THE DIGGING-STICK.—SPADE.—SHEARS AND SCISSORS.—CHISEL AND ADZE.—THE PLANE AND SPOKESHAVE.

       The Spade.

       Shears and Scissors.

       The Chisel and the Adze.

       The Plane and Spokeshave.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER II. THE SAW AND ITS VARIETIES.

       The Ribbon Saw, Cordon or Band Saw.

       The Circular Saw.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER III. BORING TOOLS.—STRIKING TOOLS.—GRASPING TOOLS.

       Boring Tools.

       Striking Tools.

       Grasping Tools.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER IV. POLISHING TOOLS.—MEASURING TOOLS.

       Files and Sand-papers.

       Tools of Measurement.

       The Spirit-level.

       Callipers.

       OPTICS. CHAPTER I. THE MISSIONS OF HISTORY.—THE CAMERA OBSCURA.—LONG AND SHORT SIGHT.—STEREOSCOPE AND PSEUDOSCOPE.—MULTIPLYING-GLASSES.

       The Camera Obscura and the Eye.

       Long and Short Sight.

       The Stereoscope and Pseudoscope.

       The Multiplying-glass.

       OPTICS. CHAPTER II. THE WATER TELESCOPE.—IRIS OF THE EYE.—MAGIC LANTERN.—THE SPECTROSCOPE.—THE THAUMATROPE.

       The Water Telescope.

       The Iris of the Eye.

       The Magic Lantern.

       The Spectroscope.

       The Thaumatrope.

       USEFUL ARTS. CHAPTER I. PRIMITIVE MAN AND HIS NEEDS.—EARTHENWARE.—BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT.—TOGGLE OR KNEE JOINT.

       Earthenware.

       Ball-and-socket

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