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Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
The topics to be covered include, but not limited to, basic and theoretical aspects of adhesion; modeling of adhesion phenomena; mechanisms of adhesion; surface and interfacial analysis and characterization; unraveling of events at interfaces; characterization of interphases; adhesion of thin films and coatings; adhesion aspects in reinforced composites; formation, characterization and durability of adhesive joints; surface preparation methods; polymer surface modification; biological adhesion; particle adhesion; adhesion of metallized plastics; adhesion of diamond-like films; adhesion promoters; contact angle, wettability and adhesion; superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. With regards to adhesives, the Series will include, but not limited to, green adhesives; novel and high-performance adhesives; and medical adhesive applications.
Series Editor: Dr. K.L. Mittal
P.O. Box 1280, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533, USA
Email: [email protected]
Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics
Edited by
K.L. Mittal
H.S. Bui
This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-65482-7
Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
Cosmetics have been around since the dawn of civilization. The origin and use of cosmetics can be traced to many millennia ago. In the earlier days, cosmetics were prepared by primitive processes using natural products. For example, in India mascara was obtained from smoke generated by lighting up the wick dipped in mustard oil. This is an excellent example of nanotechnology as the particle size in such mascara was in the nanometer range, but in those days nanotechnology was an unknown discipline. More modern cosmetics are based on polymers and other ingredients to endow performance attributes to cosmetics.
A glance at the current literature will evince that there is considerable interest and activity in the relevance of surface chemistry and adhesion aspects in the domain of cosmetics. It should be emphasized that the advent of sophisticated surface analysis techniques has been a boon to understanding the complex structures and topography of biological surfaces. Researchers with variegated backgrounds and different disciplines are engaged in unraveling the interactions between cosmetics and different biological tissues (face skin, lips, hair). Here a few eclectic examples will suffice to underscore the importance of interfacial phenomena in various cosmetic products. An adequate adhesion of lipstick is all too familiar and its retention in the presence of foods and drinks is quite patent. Apropos, if the lipstick gets transferred to a wrong place or to a wrong person it can have unpleasant and serious sociological implications. The proper adhesion of nail polish to nails is another significant example; thus various approaches are adopted to enhance adhesion of nail polish. The surface chemistry of skin can be cited as being extremely important in a spectrum of applications. It should be underscored that biological tissues are very complex in nature and differ based on gender, ethnicity and environment.
