New York: HarperCollins.5 Schiern, Frederik. 1873. Über den Ursprung der Sage von den goldgrabenden Ameisen. Copenhagen and Leipzig.
6 Tarn, W. W. 1951. The Greeks in Bactria and India. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7 von Hinüber, Oskar. 1985. “Anhang zu ‘Indische Geschichte’.” In Arrian: Der Alexanderzug. Indische Geschichte, edited and translated by Gerhard Wirth and Oskar von Hinüber, 1075–1153. Munich and Zürich: Artemis Verlag.
ANYSIS ( Ἄνυσις)
R. DREW GRIFFITH
Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario
1) A blind Egyptian pharaoh, according to Herodotus (2.137, 140) the successor of ASYCHIS. Herodotus writes that it was during Anysis’ reign that the Ethiopian Shabako (SABACOS) completed the invasion of EGYPT begun by his brother, Piye (Piankhy), initiating the 25th (Ethiopian) Dynasty, an actual event dated to c. 715 BCE. When faced with the invasion, Anysis retreated to the marsh‐lands of the DELTA, where he waited out the fifty years of Ethiopian occupation before returning to the throne when they withdrew. During his internal EXILE, Anysis lived on an ISLAND in the marshes named ELBO, which he augmented with ash that his former citizens brought him as a gift.
The story embodies three folkloric elements. The island growing out of the water may echo the benben, the first, PYRAMID‐shaped land that according to Egyptian creation‐lore emerged from the primordial waters. The once‐and‐future king theme is familiar in folk tales such as that of King Arthur. Finally, blindness is a recurrent motif in Herodotus’ stories (cf. 2.111; 4.2; 6.177; the ARIMASPIANS have only one eye, 3.116). As a result of this highly folkloric content, Lloyd (1988, 90) reasonably suspects that Anysis stands for the whole of the 23rd Dynasty.
2) An Egyptian city, probably Tell Belim, 19 kilometers northwest of El‐Qanṭara, in the NILE Delta. According to Herodotus (2.137) it was the hometown of Anysis (1).
SEE ALSO: Amyrtaeus; Anytis; Disabilities; Ethiopians; Monarchy
REFERENCE
1 Lloyd, Alan B. 1988. Herodotus: Book II, Commentary 99–182. Leiden: Brill.
FURTHER READING
1 Ball, John. 1942. Egypt in the Classical Geographers, 17. Cairo: Government Press.
2 Kitchen, K. A. 1996. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 B.C.). 2nd edition, 362–83. Warminster: Aris & Phillips.
ANYSUS ( Ἄνυσος, ὁ)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
Patronymic, father of TETRAMNESTUS (of SIDON in Phoenicia). Tetramnestus served as one of the non‐Persian admirals in XERXES’ fleet in 480 BCE (7.98). The Phoenician form of Anysus’ name is not known, and some MANUSCRIPTS of the Histories read “Allesus” ( Ἄλλησος) instead. The CHRONOLOGY of the known dynasties at Sidon remains uncertain (Elayi 2006).
SEE ALSO: Persian Wars; Phoenicians
REFERENCE
1 Elayi, Josette. 2006. “An Updated Chronology of the Reigns of Phoenician Kings during the Persian Period (539–333 bce).” Transeuphratène 32: 11–43.
ANYTIS (ὁ Ἀνύτιος νομός)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
An administrative district or nome (Greek νομός, Egyptian sp˒ ͗t [sepat]) of ancient EGYPT. Herodotus lists Anytis as one source of men for the CALASIRIES, a group within the Egyptian warrior class (2.166.1). Herodotus’ list does not map exactly onto other ancient evidence for nomes, but Anytis was probably located in the northeast portion of the Nile DELTA. Its capital was presumably ANYSIS, usually identified with the later Roman Heracleopolis Parva, modern Tell Belim.
SEE ALSO: Warfare
FURTHER READING
1 Lloyd, Alan B. 1988. Herodotus: Book II, Commentary 99–182, 194–95. Leiden: Brill.
2 Spencer, Jeffrey. 2002. “The Exploration of Tell Belim, 1999–2002.” JEA 88: 37–51.
APARYTAE (Ἀπαρύται, οἱ)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
In providing a list of the provinces (archai or SATRAPIES, 3.89.1) into which DARIUS I divided the Persian Empire, Herodotus states (3.91.4) that the Aparytae were part of the seventh administrative district (νομός, nome). They may have inhabited an area west of the INDUS RIVER (BA 6 B3), near modern‐day Peshawar, Pakistan.
SEE ALSO: Catalogues; India
FURTHER READING
1 Asheri in ALC, 479–81, 538–42.
APATURIA (Ἀπατούρια, τά)
DANIELLE KELLOGG
Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center, CUNY
The Apaturia (or Apatouria) was a FESTIVAL considered a marker of Ionian identity, according to Herodotus, who says that IONIANS were those “who derive from Athens and celebrate the Apaturia festival. All Ionians celebrate it except the Ephesians and Colophonians” (1.47). Most of our knowledge of the festival comes from ATHENS. The Apaturia was associated with the phratries, social groups in which membership was hereditary, and whose main function in the classical period in Attica was supervision of the legitimacy of the CHILDREN of members. The phratries celebrated the Apaturia during the month of Pyanopsion at individual phratry centers throughout Attica. It lasted for three days, and the main function was to enroll new phratry members (see schol. Ar. Ach. 146 for the names of the days of the festival and the main SACRIFICES and observances).
SEE ALSO: Ethnicity; Religion, Greek
FURTHER READING
1 Lambert, S. D. 2001. The Phratries of Attica. 2nd edition, 143–89. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2 Parker, Robert. 2007. Polytheism and Society at Athens, 458–61. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3 Roussel, Denis. 1976. Tribu et cité: études sur les groupes sociaux dans les cités grecques aux époques archaïque et classique. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
