Fire) that are inspired by the Histories.
SEE ALSO: Athens and Herodotus; Date of Composition; Medical Writers; Orality and Literacy; Prose; Reception of Herodotus, Ancient Greece and Rome
REFERENCES
1 Bakker, Egbert J. 2002. “The Making of History: Herodotus’ Historiēs Apodexis.” In Brill’s Companion to Herodotus, edited by Egbert J. Bakker, Irene J. F. de Jong, and Hans van Wees, 3–32. Leiden: Brill.
2 Baragwanath, Emily. 2008. Motivation and Narrative in Herodotus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3 Cobet, Justus. 1977. “Wann wurde Herodots Darstellung der Perserkriege publiziert?” Hermes 105: 2–27.
4 de Jong, Irene J. F. 2004. “Herodotus.” In Narrators, Narratees, and Narratives in Ancient Greek Literature. Studies in Ancient Greek Narrative. Vol. 1, edited by Irene J. F. de Jong, René Nünlist, and Angus Bowie, 101–14. Leiden: Brill.
5 Flory, Stewart. 1980. “Who Read Herodotus’ Histories?” AJPh 101.1: 12–28.
6 Fornara, Charles W. 1971a. “Evidence for the Date of Herodotus’ Publication.” JHS 91: 25–34.
7 Fornara, Charles W. 1971b. Herodotus: An Interpretative Essay. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
8 Gould, John. 1989. Herodotus. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
9 Hartog, François. 1988. The Mirror of Herodotus: The Representation of the Other in the Writing of History, translated by Janet Lloyd [first French edition 1980]. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
10 Jacoby, Felix. 1913. “Herodotos.” RE Suppl. 2, 205–520. Reprinted in Griechische Historiker, 7–154. Stuttgart: Druckenmüller, 1956.
11 Lateiner, Donald. 1989. The Historical Method of Herodotus. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
12 Moles, John L. 1996. “Herodotus Warns the Athenians.” Papers of the Leeds International Latin Seminar 9: 259–84.
13 Momigliano, Arnaldo. 1958. “The Place of Herodotus in the History of Historiography.” History 43: 1–13. Reprinted in ORCS Vol. 1, 31–45.
14 Naiden, F. S. 1999. “The Prospective Imperfect in Herodotus.” HSCP 99: 135–49.
15 Pelling, Christopher. 1997. “East is East and West is West—Or Are They? National Stereotypes in Herodotus.” Histos 1: 51–66. Reprinted in ORCS Vol. 2, 360–79.
16 Raaflaub, Kurt A. 1987. “Herodotus, Political Thought, and the Meaning of History.” Arethusa 20: 221–48.
17 Rood, Tim. 1998. Thucydides: Narrative and Explanation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18 Stadter, Philip A. 1992. “Herodotus and the Athenian Archē.” ASNP ser. 3 vol. 22: 781–809. Reprinted in ORCS, Vol. 1, 334–56.
19 Thomas, Rosalind. 2000. Herodotus in Context: Ethnography, Science and the Art of Persuasion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
FURTHER READING
1 Kaldellis, Anthony. 2014. A New Herodotos: Laonikos Chalkokondyles on the Ottoman Empire, the Fall of Byzantium, and the Emergence of the West. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
2 Priestley, Jessica. 2014. Herodotus and Hellenistic Culture. Literary Studies in the Reception of the Histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
AUGILA (Αὔγιλα, τά)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
An oasis in North Africa (BA 38 C4), modern Awjila(h) in northeastern Libya. Herodotus names Augila (4.172.1) as the place the NASAMONES travel to in the summer, after leaving their flocks on the coast, for date cultivation. Later (4.182) he notes that Augila lies a ten‐day journey west of the Ammonians (the Sîwa Oasis; cf. Strabo 17.3.23/C838). Later authors refer to a people there, the Augilae (Plin. HN 5.45).
SEE ALSO: Agriculture; Ammon; Food; Measures; Travel
FURTHER READING
1 Colin, Frédéric. 2000. Les peuples libyens de la Cyrénaïque à l’Égypte. D’après les sources de l’Antiquité classique, 37–77. Brussels: Académie Royale de Belgique.
2 Desanges, Jehan. 1962. Catalogue des tribus africaines de l’antiquité classique à l’ouest du Nil, 160–61. Dakar: Université de Dakar.
AURAS RIVER (ὁ Αὔρας ποταμός)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
River in northern THRACE, tributary of the ISTER (Danube), flowing north from Mt. HAEMUS along with the ATLAS and TIBISIS (4.49.1). Its exact location and identification are unknown, though some connect the name Auras with the later Roman settlement of Abritus (BA 22 D5), modern Razgrad on the Beli Lom River in northeastern Bulgaria.
SEE ALSO: Rivers
FURTHER READING
Corcella in ALC, 618.
AUSCHISAE (Αὐσχίσαι, οἱ)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
Nomadic Libyan (North African) tribe dwelling between BARCA and EUESPERIDES (BA 38 B1), west of CYRENE. Herodotus relates nothing else about them other than the fact that the BACALES live in the middle of their territory (4.171).
SEE ALSO: Libya; Nomads
FURTHER READING
Corcella in ALC, 697.
AUSEANS (Αὐσέες, οἱ)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
Nomadic Libyan (North African) tribe dwelling on the shores of the ancient Lake TRITON (BA 35 B1), the Chott el Djerid in modern‐day Tunisia; their exact location is unknown, but Herodotus makes them the last of the nomad Libyans toward the west (4.191.1). He offers a brief ethnographic description of the Auseans (4.180), including the annual FESTIVAL for their ancestral goddess (ATHENA from the Greek viewpoint) at which two groups of Ausean maidens fight a battle. An Ausean origin has been proposed for an unusual statuette taken from Libya during World War II (Rovik 2002, 92–93).
SEE ALSO: Ethnography; Libya; Nomads; Women in the Histories
