Milton's Comus. Джон Мильтон

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to the musician:

      Harry, whose tuneful and well measur’d song

       First taught our English music how to span

       Words with just note and accent, not to scan

       With Midas’ ears, committing short and long;

       Thy worth and skill exempts thee from the throng,

       With praise enough for Envy to look wan;

       To after age thou shalt be writ the man,

       That with smooth air could’st humour best our tongue.

       Thou honour’st Verse, and Verse must lend her wing

       To honour thee, the priest of Phoebus’ quire,

       That tun’st their happiest lines in hymn, or story.

       Dante shall give Fame leave to set thee higher

       Than his Casella, who he woo’d to sing,

       Met in the milder shades of Purgatory.

      We must remember also that it was to Lawes that Milton’s Comus owed its first publication, and, as we see from the dedication prefixed to the text, that he was justly proud of his share in its first representation.

      Such were the persons who appeared in Milton’s mask; they are few in number, and the plan of the piece is correspondingly simple. There are three scenes which may be briefly characterised thus:

I. The Tempter and the Tempted: lines 1-658.
Scene: A wild wood.
II. The Temptation and the Rescue: lines 659-958.
Scene: The Palace of Comus.
III. The Triumph: lines 959-1023.
Scene: The President’s Castle.

      In the first scene, after a kind of prologue (lines 1–92), the interest rises as we are introduced first to Comus and his rout, then to the Lady alone and “night-foundered,” and finally to Comus and the Lady in company. At the same time the nature of the Lady’s trial and her subsequent victory are foreshadowed in a conversation between the brothers and the attendant Spirit. This is one of the more Miltonic parts of the mask: in the philosophical reasoning of the elder brother, as opposed to the matter-of-fact arguments of the younger, we trace the young poet fresh from the study of the divine volume of Plato, and filled with a noble trust in God. In the second scene we breathe the unhallowed air of the abode of the wily tempter, who endeavours, “under fair pretence of friendly ends,” to wind himself into the pure heart of the Lady. But his “gay rhetoric” is futile against the “sun-clad power of chastity”; and he is driven off the scene by the two brothers, who are led and instructed by the Spirit disguised as the shepherd Thyrsis. But the Lady, having been lured into the haunt of impurity, is left spell-bound, and appeal is made to the pure nymph Sabrina, who is “swift to aid a virgin, such as was herself, in hard-besetting need.” It is in the contention between Comus and the Lady in this scene that the interest of the mask may be said to culminate, for here its purpose stands revealed: “it is a song to Temperance as the ground of Freedom, to temperance as the guard of all the virtues, to beauty as secured by temperance, and its central point and climax is in the pleading of these motives by the Lady against their opposites in the mouth of the Lord of sensual Revel.” Milton: Classical Writers. In the third scene the Lady Alice and her brothers are presented by the Spirit to their noble father and mother as triumphing “in victorious dance o’er sensual folly and intemperance.” The Spirit then speaks the epilogue, calling upon mortals who love true freedom to strive after virtue:

      Love Virtue; she alone is free.

       She can teach ye how to climb

       Higher than the sphery chime;

       Or, if Virtue feeble were,

       Heaven itself would stoop to her.

       Table of Contents

      A MASK

      PRESENTED AT LUDLOW CASTLE, 1634.

      BEFORE

      JOHN, EARL OF BRIDGEWATER,

      THEN PRESIDENT OF WALES.

       The Copy of a Letter written by Sir Henry Wotton to the Author upon the following Poem.

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