gluconate, chlorhexidine digluconate, calcium chloride admixed with dimethyl sulfoxide, etc
mechanical castration, using ultrasound to induce testicular necrosis
vaccinations against LH and GnRH, spermatozoa, or zona pellucida proteins
melatonin implants.
Toblerone is a 1‐year‐old intact female Great Dane that presents to you for elective surgical sterilization. Given the breed's predisposition to gastric‐dilation volvulus (GDV), the client is interested in prophylactic gastropexy at the time of OVH. However, he worries about intraoperative hemorrhage and the large incision. You indicate that there is an alternative to the traditional laparotomy that is required to perform both procedures. You suggest that the patient undergoes laparoscopic OVE and gastropexy.
Pet overpopulation is a global, multifaceted, animal welfare issue.
Sterilization surgery is considered the standard of care in the US as a means of population control.
Early‐age gonadectomy is increasingly common given that safe anesthetic protocols have been developed.
The desire for less invasive procedures has led to the successful adoption of OVE in other countries.
Research is growing in the area of reversible contraception.
2.18.7 Cautions
Gonadectomy is not without risk. Surgical complication rates vary from study to study; however, as many as 6.1–27% of bitches and 2.6–33% of queens experience postoperative complications [9, 33].
Obesity is common among neutered dogs and cats [6, 10]. In addition, neutered dogs are at greater risk of developing:
prostatic neoplasia [6]
transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) [34, 35]
osteosarcoma [36, 37]
cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) [14].
Timing of gonadectomy may also influence a patient's predisposition to orthopedic disease [6, 14]. A recent study of 1842 dogs suggests that dogs neutered before 5 months of age have an increased incidence of hip dysplasia [4, 14].
Interest in reversible contraceptive methods continues to build but its efficacy and the potential for adverse effects remain concerns.
References
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2 2 Pet Statistics. (2019). www.aspca.org/animal‐homelessness/shelter‐intake‐and‐surrender/pet‐statistics
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