magnetic resonance imaging in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol 2001;54:205–209.
43 Ohnishi T, Noguchi S, Murakami N, Tajiri J, Harao M, Kawamoto H, Hoshi H, Jinnouchi S, Futami S, Nagamachi S, Watanabe K: Extraocular muscles in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: usefulness of T2 relaxation time measurements. Radiology 1994;190:857–862.
44 Polito E, Leccisotti A: MRI in Graves orbitopathy: recognition of enlarged muscles and prediction of steroid response. Ophthalmologica 1995;209:182–186.
45 Gerding MN, van der Zant FM, van Royen EA, Koorneef L, Krenning EP, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF: Octreotide-scintigraphy is a disease-activity parameter in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol 1999;50:373–379.
46 Konuk O, Atasever T, Mehmet U, Ayvaz G, Yetkin I, Cakir N, Arslan M, Hasanreisoglu B: Orbital gallium-67 scintigraphy in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a disease activity parameter that predicts the therapeutic response to immunosuppressive treatment. Thyroid 2005;15:358–363.
47 Terwee CB, Prummel MF, Gerding MN, Kahaly GJ, Dekker FW, Wiersinga WM: Measuring disease activity to predict therapeutic outcome in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol 2005;62:154–155.
48 Di Maria C, Allen J, Dickinson J, Neoh C, Perros P: Novel thermal imaging analysis technique for detecting inflammation in thyroid eye disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:4600–4606.
49 Werner SC: Modification of the classification of the eye changes of Graves’ disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1977;83:725–727.
50 Bartalena L, Wiersinga WM, Pinchera A: Graves’ ophthalmopathy: state of the art and perspectives. J Endocrinol Invest 2004;27:295–301.
51 Mourits MP, Lombardo SHC, van der Sluijs FA, Fenton S: Reliability of exophthalmos measurement and the exophthalmometry value distribution in a healthy Dutch population and in Graves’ patients. An exploratory study. Orbit 2004;23:161–168.
52 Sleep TJ, Manners RM: Interinstrument variability in Hertel-type exophthalmometers. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;18:254–257.
53 Van den Broek WA: Normal exophthalmometry values: the need for calibrated exophthalmometers. Orbit 2004;23:147–151.
54 Vardizer Y, Berendschot TTJM, Mourits MP: Effect of exophthalmometer design on its accuracy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2005;21:427–430.
55 Bahn RS, Gorman CA: Choice of therapy and criteria for assessing treatment outcome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1987;16:391–407.
56 Haggerty H, Richardson S., Mitchell KW, Dickinson AJ: A modified method for measuring uniocular fields of fixation: reliability in normal subjects and in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:1–7.
57 Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L: Measuring eye movements in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 1994;101:1341–1346.
58 Steel DHW, Hoh HB, Potts MJ, Harrad RA: Uniocular fields of fixation in thyroid eye disease. Eye 1995;9:348–351.
59 Sullivan TJ, Kraft SP, Burack C, O’Reilly C: A functional scoring method for the field of binocular single vision. Ophthalmology 1992;99:575–581.
60 Fitzsimons R, White J: Functional scoring of the field of binocular single vision. Ophthalmology 1990;97:33–35.
61 Clark RA, Isenburg SJ: The range of ocular movements decreases with ageing. Trans 25th Meet Eur Strabismus Assoc, Jerusalem, 1986.
62 Adams WE, Haggerty H, Coulthard A, Dickinson AJ: Graves ophthalmopathy – predictors of diplopia. Assoc Res Vision Ophthalmol Meet, Ericeira, 2009.
63 Boboridis K, Assi A, Indar A, Bunce C, Tyers AG: Repeatability and reproducibility of upper eyelid measurements. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:99–101.
64 Cole HP, Couvillion JT, Fink AJ, Haik BG, Kastl PR: Exophthalmometry: a comparative study of the Naugle and Hertel instruments. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;13:189–194.
65 Lennerstrand G, Tian S, Isberg B, Landau Hogbeck I, Bolzani R, Tallstedt L, Schworm H: Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound measurements of extraocular muscles in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy at different stages of the disease. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007;8:192–201.
66 Kalmann R, Mourits MP: Prevalence and management of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:754–757.
67 Bartalena L, et al: Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. Eur J Endocrinol 2008;158:273–285.
68 Barrio-Barrio J, Sabater AL, Bonet-Farriol E, Velasquez-Villoria A, Galofre JC: Graves’ ophthalmopathy: VISA versus EUGOGO classification, assessment, and management. J Ophthalmol 2015;2015:249125.
69 Feldon SE, Muramatsu S, Weiner JM: Clinical classification of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Identification of risk factors for optic neuropathy. Acta Ophthalmol 1984;102:1469–1472.
70 Ohtsuka K, Nakamura Y: Results of transmedialcanthal ethmoidal decompression for severe dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1999;43:426–432.
71 Henson DB, Chaudry S, Artes PH, Faragher EB, Ansons A: Response variability in the visual field: comparison of optic neuritis, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and normal eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:417–421.
72 Kennerdell JS, Rosenbaum AE, El-Hoshy MH: Apical optic nerve compression of dysthyroid optic neuropathy on computed tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:807–809.
