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For microbiology: Georg Conrads
Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department for Operative Dentistry,
Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital
Pauwelsstrasse 30
DE–52074 Aachen (Germany)
E-Mail [email protected]
For histology: Imad About
Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, Institute of Movement Sciences
FR–13385 Marseille (France)
E-Mail [email protected]
The Philosophical Evolution
Schwendicke F, Frencken J, Innes N (eds): Caries Excavation: Evolution of Treating Cavitated Carious Lesions.
Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2018, vol 27, pp 11–23 (DOI: 10.1159/000487827)
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Caries Epidemiology and Its Challenges
Jo Frencken
Department of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Despite their limitations, caries epidemiology continues to rely predominantly on visual/tactile indices for detecting and assessing carious lesion-related conditions. Over the last 4 to 5 decades, the prevalence and severity of dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions have been reduced in a number of countries based on the published studies. Despite this achievement, the prevalence and severity of dental caries remains too high at a world level. Pits and fissures in occlusal surfaces of first molars and pits in buccal surfaces of lower first molars are most vulnerable for developing a carious lesion. Dental caries is a preventable, behavioural/life-style disease that is age related and life-long. Preventing dental caries should start at mother-and-child clinics in conjunction with the available educational and health care programmes. Oral health (caries) epidemiological surveys should be held periodically.
© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel
Detection and Assessment Devices
In essence, carious lesions can be detected and assessed using visual/tactile and electronic devices. Over the past decades a number of electronic devices have been introduced in response to some of the limitations of traditional methods such as the radiograph and visual/tactile devices. While perhaps suitable for use in the dental clinic, not all electronic devices appear suitable for use in epidemiological surveys. In addition, a number of them have no proven or poor validity and many are not field-proof [1, 2]. Therefore, dental practitioners should not place much reliance on these electronic devices. It means that despite their limitations, caries epidemiology continues to rely predominantly on visual/tactile indices for detecting and assessing carious lesion-related conditions in a field setting [3].
Visual/Tactile Devices Currently in Use
A caries assessment device should fulfil some prerequisites before it can be applied clinically. These include: manageability (be cheap, fast, acceptable, and easy to learn), reproducibility (ability to show
