Nurturing a Healthy Generation of Children: Research Gaps and Opportunities. Группа авторов

Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу Nurturing a Healthy Generation of Children: Research Gaps and Opportunities - Группа авторов страница 4

Nurturing a Healthy Generation of Children: Research Gaps and Opportunities - Группа авторов Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series

Скачать книгу

better diet quality when compared to breakfast skippers. More importantly, the specific foods/food groups consumed at breakfast influenced nutrient intake and overall diet quality. Thus, the nutrient profiles varied considerably depending on the type of breakfast pattern. The association of the breakfast patterns was not consistently associated with lower body mass index as seen in breakfast skippers. The third study was designed to address inconsistencies observed in previous studies by examining the short-term effects of breakfast consumption and fasting on neuropsychological functioning using a robust set of psychological measures of multiple domains of cognitive functioning in healthy, low- and medium-income school-age children. Breakfast consumption had no effect on neuropsychological functioning in children. More studies are needed regarding habitual breakfast consumption and its effect on neuropsychological functioning in healthy children and those with marginal or subnormal nutritional status.

      The session was concluded by Sandra I. Sünram-Lea, who reviewed the impact of breakfast-based glycemic response on cognition in children. The data suggest that a more stable blood glucose profile which avoids greater peaks and troughs in circulating glucose is associated with better cognitive function across the morning. Although the evidence to date is promising, it is currently insufficient to allow firm and evidence-based recommendations. What limits our ability to draw conclusions from previous findings is that the studies have differed widely with respect to subject characteristics, cognitive tests used, and timing of cognitive assessment. In addition, few studies have profiled glycemic response in children specifically.

      Christiani J. Henry

      Theresa A. Nicklas

      Sophie Nicklaus

      Infant and childhood nutrition is the basis of an individual’s health in later life. Multiple lines of evidence – from experimental to epidemiological – are converging to highlight the importance of this early period for metabolic programming, physiological growth, and cognition. This is the cornerstone of the “developmental origin of health and disease” (DOHAD) paradigm, underscoring the significance of infancy and early childhood for setting the foundation for health. Any public health intervention that seeks to improve the general health of a population or combat disease should, therefore, target infants and children in order to reap the greatest benefits.

      Yet, there is little mechanistic evidence to reveal how. Some of the answers can be found in studying diet and eating behavior: food choices and dietary habits go hand in hand with nutrition. Eating is a key skill that develops during early life. Between conception and childhood, the mode of feeding drastically evolves, from amniotic fluid, to breastfeeding, weaning, and independent feeding. Not only does the child learn how to eat, but also what to eat, how much, and in what context. During this time, infants discover the intrinsic properties of foods, along with the variety of tastes, flavors, and textures. These earliest sensations pave the way for food choice, steering an individual towards a lifetime of healthy (or unhealthy) eating patterns.

      The 91st Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop on Nurturing a Healthy Generation of Children: Research Gaps and Opportunities , which took place in Manila (Philippines) in March 2018, highlighted the importance of childhood diets, eating behaviors, and potential impacts on development and health. The first session chaired by Dr. Sophie Nicklaus (INRA, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, France) examined the development of taste in infants, revealing how taste preferences are shaped in utero and throughout weaning, and guide the individual’s later food choices. The theme of the second session, led by Dr. Christiani Jeyakumar Henry (National University of Singapore), focused on what do children really eat in different parts of the world. FITS (Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study) and KNHS (Kids Nutrition and Health Study) provided a glimpse into the diets of children around the world, identifying nutrition gaps and potential areas for intervention. The workshop ended with a final session on the most important meal of the day: breakfast. This session chaired by Prof. Theresa A. Nicklas (Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA) concluded the 3 days of the fascinating scientific forum.

      The key learnings from this workshop provide valuable insight for policy makers, researchers, and health care professionals on how diet and feeding behavior during each of these stages can influence health and disease.

      We would like to thank the three chairpersons Sophie Nicklaus, Christiani Jeyakumar Henry, and Theresa A. Nicklas for putting the scientific program together.

      We would also like to thank all speakers and scientific experts in the audience, who contributed to the workshop content and scientific discussions. Finally, we thank Dr. Josephine Yuson-Sunga, her team in the Philippines, and the NNI team in Switzerland for their support and nice hospitality.

      Dr. Natalia Wagemans

      Head of Nestlé Nutrition Institute

      Vevey, Switzerland

      Chairpersons & Speakers

      Dr. Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa

      Nutrition Assessment and Monitoring Division, Food and Nutrition Research

      Institute (FNRI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

      General Santos Avenue

      Taguig, 1630 Metro Manila

      Philippines

      E-Mail [email protected]

      Prof. Regan Bailey

      Department of Nutrition Science

      Purdue University

      700 W State Street

      West Lafayette, IN 47 907

      USA

      E-Mail [email protected]

      Dr. Alison L. Eldridge

      Nestlé Research

      Route du Jorat 57

      Vers-Chez-les-Blanc

      CH–1000 Lausanne 26

      Switzerland

      E-Mail [email protected]

      Dr. Ciarán G. Forde

      Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), A*STAR

      Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine

      National University of Singapore

      14 Medical Drive 07-02, MD 6 Building

      Singapore 117599

      Singapore

      E-Mail [email protected]

      Dr. Lisa Fries

      Nestlé

Скачать книгу