Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Phytopharmaceuticals
Potential Therapeutic Applications
Edited by
Durgesh Nandini Chauhan
Kamal Shah
This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-68191-5
Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
The term “phytopharmaceutical” is derived from a combination of two words; phyto, referring to plant and pharmaceutical referring to medicinal drugs. Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. These plants contain a variety of bioactive components—also known as phytochemicals—in the various parts of plants, i.e., stems, leaves, fruits and flowers. These components supplement the needs of the systems of the human body. This book covers a range of topics concerning the bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, including how bioactive molecules are isolated from medicinal plants; their available sources, biochemistry, structural composition and potential biological activities; and the importance of the application of phytopharmaceutical molecules from a health perspective. Also covered are pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants; the phytochemistry and biological activities of different natural products; ethnobotany and medicinal properties; a novel dietary approach for the management of various diseases and its therapeutic potential; and the importance of plant-derived pharmaceuticals and their potential range of application in different food and pharma industries.
Diverse technical facets of phytopharmaceuticals for potential use in systems of the human body are highlighted in this book, supplemented by oceans of information on food science and technology. We anticipate that this compilation will be suitable for scholars and researchers working in the academic field as well as those in the food, nutraceuticals and herbal trades. Included in the 22 chapters of the book is information on the following topics:
Chapter 1 deals with the screening of phytopharmaceuticals responsible for therapeutic efficacy. Also discussed are the techniques required for phytopharmaceutical quality control. Moreover, the chapter highlights the active ingredients of phytopharmaceuticals and their alignment with quantity estimation so that the therapeutic efficacy of herbs can be established.
Chapter 2 highlights the characterization of natural ingredients which have a wide range of uses in pharmaceutical, food and even cosmetic industries. It deals with extraction and covers implementation of adequate extraction techniques, the standardization of analytical procedures, and possible modifications for optimum release kinetics. An attempt is made to cover every aspect that could be effectively employed for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications.
Chapter 3 covers the extraction kinetics of essential oils and bioactives, with a particular emphasis on plants from the Lamiaceae family. A case study utilizing hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation to obtain essential oils from Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam is presented in this chapter, which also covers experimental aspects of their extraction. In addition, certain properties and potential applications of the extracted volatiles are elucidated.
Chapter 4 deals with the adulteration in plant products. The chapter aims to integrate the regulation of good agricultural practice (GAP) and good manufacturing practice (GMP) to produce high-quality phytopharmaceuticals which are unadulterated, clean and in compliance with standards. Following a discussion on safe and effective phytopharmaceuticals, there is a discussion on the prevention of problems encountered due to adulteration.
Chapter 5 is an overview of some of the most commonly used traditional herbal
