and types of discrimination. We also have noted the prevailing ideologies around race that allow racism to go unchecked. We have highlighted various stereotypes to illustrate how race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality intersect in categorizing Asian Americans. Specifically, we examine how these stereotypes and prevailing ideologies manifest in particular kinds of inequalities for Asian Americans in the areas of immigration law, hate crimes, and racial profiling. How are these concepts experienced at the institutional and individual levels for Asian Americans, with what implications for understanding the United States and globalization? The rest of the book explains this, starting with historical conditions.
Discussion question
What does it mean for something to be “socially constructed”? How are race, gender, and sexuality socially constructed? If you are working in groups, each group can address one of these socially constructed categories. Groups can brainstorm and analyze other social constructions, too.
Notes
1 1. It should be noted, however, that though “Latinx” or “Hispanic” may be used by people on a daily basis in categorizing others, the United States Census does not actually define “Latinx” as a racial group. “Hispanic” is used in the Census, but refers to ethnicity and not race. Those who are categorised as “Hispanic” in the US Census must still specify to which racial group they belong: white, black, or Asian.
2 2. For more information on this, see http://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-01-x.htm
3 3. http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/rd_stateratesofincbyraceandethnicity.pdf
4 4. https://time.com/5806657/donald-trump-coronavirus-war-china/
5 5. https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-doesnt-deny-calling-african-countries-shitholes-2018-4
6 6. See also http://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/rp_report.pdf
7 7. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/02/AR2006060201060.html
8 8. Because the internment has left a stain on racial profiling in the name of national security, some in support of profiling Arab Americans have made the specious argument that Japanese-American internment was justified (Malkin 2004).
9 9. http://www.stopoperationmethmerchant.org/blog/2005/12/introducing-operation-meth-merchant.html
10 10. SAALT webinar on racial profiling, 11/19/09.
13 13. http://www.jacl.org/edu/What%20It%20Means%20To%20Be%20An%20American.pdf
14 14. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/science/new-york-coronavirus-cases-europe-genomes.html
17 17. http://www.asianam.org/hate_crimes_2005-2008.htm
18 18. http://www.sacbee.com/2007/07/13/270787/beating-death-symbolic-of-local.html
19 19. http://www.advancingequality.org/files/2002_Audit.pdf
Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.
Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».
Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.
Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.
