Biomass Valorization. Группа авторов

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rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_56ab5899-bddb-5ef9-b3ae-11f93aa11eba">[101] In(OTf)₃ 42 (MLev) — — In(OTf)₃/TsOH 70 (MLev) — — In(OTf)₃/NSA 75 (MLev) — — MCC H₃PO₄ 160 4 0 (ELev) — — [103] TsOH 0 (ELev) — — Y(OTf)₃ 0 (ELev) — — Y(OTf)₃/H₃PO₄ 68 (ELev) — — In(OTf)₃ 20 (ELev) — — In(OTf)₃/TsOH 45 (ELev) — — MCC Y(OTf)₃/H₃PO₄ 180 2 75 (ELev) — — Pinus cellulose (unbleached)^b 75 (ELev) — — Pinus cellulose^b 73 (ELev) — — Softwood 52 (ELev) — — Softwood cellulose^c 62 (ELev) — — [57] MCC Er(OTf)₃ 240 0.5 4 (LevA) 3 90 (LacA) [104] MCC Ga‐doped Zn/H‐nanozeolite Y 280 1 5 (MLev) — 58 (MLac) 13 (MMP) [105] MCC Zr‐SBA‐15 260 6 2 (ELev) — 30 (ELac) 14 (EHB) [106] Scenedesmus Sn‐beta 210 2 0 — 83 (LacA) [107]

      ^a) We note that this table shows yields of products either in mol% or in wt%; it is recommended to refer to the given references if the accurate evaluation of yields is sought. “—”, not specified; “0”, not detected, or detected in trace amounts; T, reaction temperature; t, reaction time; MCC, microcrystalline cellulose; OTf, trifluoromethanesulfonate; TsOH, p‐toluenesulfonic acid; 2‐NSA, 2‐naphthalenesulfonic acid; LevA, levulinic acid; ForA, formic acid; MLev, methyl levulinate; ELev, ethyl levulinate; LacA, lactic acid; MLac, methyl lactate; MMP, methyl 2‐methoxypropanoate; ELac, ethyl lactate; and EHB, ethyl‐2‐hydroxybutanoate.

      ^b) Cellulose treated in the DES ChCl/oxalic acid [103].

      ^c) Cellulose treated in the DES ChCl/oxalic acid/MIBK [57].

      Finally, we turn now to the valorization of cellulosic biomass into α‐hydroxy acids.

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