Figure 2.8.1.1 Schematic diagram of a DC generator
Figure 2.8.1.2 Circuitry of an exciter system
Figure 2.8.3 Current conversion and resulting wave forms
Figure 2.8.3.1 Copper and aluminum welding leads: note the number of fine wires that compose a cable, and the rubber sheathing that covers them
Figure 2.8.3.2 Different types of SMAW electrode holders
Figure 2.8.4.1 Various types of cable connectors, and ground clamp. Pictures courtesy of LENCO® catalogue
Figure 2.8.5.1 NEMA rating
Figure 2.9.1 A typical hand-held welding shield
Figure 2.9.2 Miller Digital Elite helmet
Figure 2.9.3 A typical welding helmet
Figure 2.10.2 Portfolio of SMAW electrodes
Figure 2.10.3 AWS electrode classification method
Figure 2.10.5.1 Shop use electrode drying oven
Figure 2.10.5.2 Portable electrode holder also called quivers
Figure 2.11.1 Different types of weld joints
Figure 2.11.2 Different types of weld designs
Figure 2.11.3 Welding positions for welding a plate, the positions are primarily designated in relation to the position of the weld to the horizontal surface of the earth
Figure 2.11.4 Positions of plate and pipe butt welds and fillet welds with both AWS and European designations
Figure 2.11.5 Above figure shows the permitted angular tolerance for specifically designated welding positions for pipe welding
Figure 2.11.3.1 Testing a fillet weld
Figure 2.11.3.2 Testing a fillet weld using a hammer
Figure 2.11.3.3 Size and nomenclature of fillet weld
Figure 2.11.3.4 A single pass fillet weld
Figure 2.11.3.5 A single pass fillet weld with (arc termination) stop in the middle and restarted (arc re-initiation) from that point
Figure 2.11.3.6 A multi-passes fillet weld-note the termination of arc start and stops are staggered
Figure 2.11.3.7 A micro-etch of a double sided two pass fillet weld – compare the weld with the nomenclatures figure given above, to see how these two welds meet the standard requirements
Figure 2.11.4.1 Weld appearances matched with arc current, and arc travel speed
Figure 2.11.4.2 Pictures of the weld appearances and probable cause for the quality of weld produced
Figure 2.11.5.1 Offsetting the weld setup for distortion control
Figure 2.11.9 This is a rotator with one end of the pipe held in a three-jaw, self-centering chuck the free end of the pipe rests on a free rotating roller, it can be raised or lowered to level the pipe to align the weld ends
Figure 2.11.10 This rotator is similar to the one above except that the pipe end is placed on a motor driven set of rollers on one end, and the other end is on the set of idle rollers, which can be lowered or raised to align and level the weld joint
Figure 2.11.11 A heavy-duty rotator
Figure 2.11.12 Weld tacks bridging two pieces of pipe
Figure 2.11.13 Shows a removable tack
Figure 2.11.14 This picture shows both the bridge tack using external pieces of metal below, and just above that is the tack within the groove using welding
Figure 2.11.15 Typical CS pipe weld
Figure 2.11.10.1 Bevel edge preparation for vertical-up pipe in 6G position
Figure 2.11.10.2 The vertical up progression – note the direction of electrode movement
Figure 2.11.11.1 Vertical down progression
Figure 2.11.11.2 Weld profile of each pass
Figure 2.8.1.1 Schematic diagram of a DC generator
