Figure 2.11.11.3 The sketch above shows a typical weld layers of several passes - note the sequencing numbers on each pass
Figure 2.12.6 Aluminum fillet weld-bend testing
Figure 2.12.12 Typical stainless-steel pipe weld, and weld-o-let on the header
Figure 2.12.13 Pipe is assembled and prior to welding, the welder is tacking them with the GTAW process
Figure 2.12.18 Schaeffler diagram
Figure 2.12.19 DeLong diagram
Figure 2.14 Nickel alloy plate being welded
Figure 2.1 Nickel is in 10th group and 4th period in the periodic table, its atomic number is
Figure 2.14.2 Typical nickel welding electrodes – note the electrode identification making on the electrode
Figure 2.14.3 Nickel alloy welding (note the fillet weld in upward progression)
Figure 3.3.1 Typical GTAW welding
Figure 3.3.2 A GTAW welder, note the welding torch, and the filler wire in each hand
Figure 3.4.1 Typical GTAW welding process with details of the welding torch
Figure 3.5.1 A typical GTAW set-up with positions of gas cylinder, welding machine, electrode holder and work-piece
Figure 3.5.2 The cleaning process by the current cycle
Figure 3.5.3 High and low frequency currents in pulsing
Figure 3.6.1 DC HF output circuit
Figure 3.7.1 The graph
Figure 3.7.2 Four AC wave forms
Figure 3.7.2.2 Effect of Independent AC amperage control on weld penetration and weld bead profile
Figure 3.7.2.3 Effect of variation in AC frequency on the weld profile and penetration
Figure 3.7.2.4 Provides an example of a weld done at 150 Hz and 40 Hz
Figure 3.7.2.5 Weld profile as a result of extended EN of the cycle
Figure 3.7.2.6 Weld profile as a result of reduced EN cycle
Figure 3.7.4.1 A schematic drawing of single-phase DC power source with SCR bridge control
Figure 3.7.6.1 Schematic diagram of a DC generator
Figure 3.7.6.2 DC excitation circuit
Figure 3.9.1 Gas flow meters (A) shows the tube type flow meter, and the bottom (B) has a gauge type flow meter both calibrated in L/min
Figure 3.10.1 A typical manual welding torch, note the water cooling, gas supply and tungsten electrode assembly
Figure 3.10.2 Various nozzles types and sizes
Figure 3.10.3 A gas lens, with mesh, and holding circlip
Figure 3.10.4 An assortment of manual welding GTAW torch components
Figure 3.11.1 Electrode tips
Figure 3.11.2.1 The tip angle 60°, note the depth of the deeper penetration and the shape and depth of the HAZ
Figure 3.11.2.2 The tip angle 30°, note the depth of the shallower penetration and the shape of the HAZ
Figure 3.11.2.3 The tip angle 15°, note the depth of the shallowest penetration and the shape of the HAZ
Figure 3.12.1 Five basic weld designs, (Courtesy of Indian Air force training manual “Basic Welding Technology”)
Figure 3.16.1 Copper and Aluminum welding leads: note the number of fine wires that compose a cable, and the rubber sheathing that covers them
Figure 3.16.2 Various types of cable connectors, and ground clamp. Pictures Curtsy of LENCO catalogue
Figure 3.25.9.3.1 Welder is tacking a pipe prior to welding
Figure 3.25.9.3.2 A nozzle is welded on a pipe header
Figure 3.25.10.2.1 Schaeffler diagram
Figure 3.25.10.2 DeLong diagram
Figure 4.3.1 Typical GMAW welding
Figure 4.4.1 A GMAW operator welding on an offshore pipeline
Figure 4.4.1.1 Short circuit transfer (arc-action and cycle)
Figure 4.4.1.2 Current voltage range for various transfer mode
Figure 4.11.1 Typical GMAW (MIG) welding set up with the external wire feed unit
Figure 4.12.1 A typical GMAW torch with trigger type on-off switch on the handle
Figure 4.12.2 Blow out of the GMAW torch that shows some of the components that make up a welding torch
Figure 4.12.3 The GMAW torch and the cable connector
Figure 4.12.1.4 Copper and aluminum welding leads: note the number of fine wires that compose a cable, and the rubber sheathing that covers them
Figure 4.13.8.1 (a) Contour of a weld bead in the flat position with the work horizontal; (b) welding slightly uphill; (c) welding slightly downhill
Figure 4.13.12.1 WRC diagram
Figure 5.3.1 FCAW-S self-shielding tubular wire process
Figure 5.3.2 FCAW-G, gas shielding solid wire process
Figure 5.4.1 Typical FCAW setup
Figure 5.5.1 FCAW electrode classification system
Figure 5.8.7.2.1 Shows the metal transfer through the arc with CO2 shielding on the left, and 75% Ar. + CO2 on the right
Figure 6.3.1 Schematic display of the SAW process
Figure 6.3.2 Shows the submerged arc welding of a plate
Figure 6.3.3 Shows the SAW of a pipe in a fabrication shop – note the arc and flux position as the pipe rotates
