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Abstract
The world is facing the several problems but the energy crisis is the major concern for scientist community and intellectual. Energy production using conventional resources produces high amount of greenhouse gases which increases the temperature of earth as a results the polar ice melts. From last few decades, the renewable energy sources are used for to reduce the use of conventional resource. The sunlight is the biggest available source of renewable and scientist is keep try to produce electricity with high efficiency. The tandem solar cell is the third generation of solar cell. The tandem solar cell has two, three, and four junction and efficiency reached upto 32.8%, 44.4%, and 46.0%, respectively. In the present paper, we review the paper of tandem solar including its subtypes organic tandem solar, inorganic tandem solar, and hybrid tandem solar cell.
Keywords: Conventional resources, greenhouse gases, renewable energy, tandem solar cell
List of Abbreviations
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
| PV | Photovoltaic |
| VOC | Open-circuit voltage |
| FF | Fill factor |
| OPV | Organic photovoltaic |
| GO | Graphene oxide |
| PEIE | Polyethylenimine |
| ITO | Indium tin oxide |
| PCE | Power conversion efficiency |
| LBIC | Light beam induced current |
| EQE | External quantum efficiency |
| Cd | Cadmium |
| S | Sulfur |
| Ga | Gallium |
| Ag | Silver |
| P | Phosphorus |
| Si | Silicon |
| NIR | Near infrared |
| ZnO | Zinc oxide |
| In | Indium |
| CIGS | Copper indium gallium diselenide |
| MA | Methylamonnium |
| CQD | Colloidal quantum dot |
| DMD | Dielectric-metal-dielectric |
| SnO2 | Tin(IV) oxide |
| PSC | Perovskite solar cell |
| TSC | Tandem solar cell |
| OTSC | Organic tandem solar cell |
| ITSC | Inorganic tandem solar cell |
| HTSC | Hybrid tandem solar cell |
| PSEHTT:ICBA | Poly[(4,40-bis(3-ethylhexyl)dithieno [3,2-b:0030-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,5-(3-(2-ethylhexyl) thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole]: indene-C60 bisadduct |
| PSBTBT:PC70BM | Poly[(4,40-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:20,30-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl]:[6,6]-phenyl-C70 butyric acid methyl ester |
| JSC | Short circuit current density |
| Au-doped SLGNRs | Au-doped single layer graphene nanoribbons |
| OHJs | Organic heterojunctions |
| CGLs | Charge generation layers |
| HAT-CN | 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile |
| m-MTDATA | 4,4′,4″-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino) triphenylamine |
| MPE | Maximum Power efficiency |
| PEDOT:PSS | Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) |
| CFPTSC | Colorful flexible polymer tandem solar cells |
| LBIC | Light beam induced current |
| EQE | External quantum efficiency |
| I-V | Current-voltage |
| +H3N−C6H12−NH3+ | Dicationic hexane-1,6-diammonium) |
| C3H7−NH3+ | Monocationic n-propylammonium |
| CIGS | Copper indium gallium diselenide |
| CH3NH3PbI3 | Methyl ammonium leads triiodide |
| CGS | Copper gallium diselenide |
| FAPbX3 | Formamidinium lead halide |
| ICO | Cerium-doped indium oxide |
| RF | Radio frequency |
| RT | Room temperature |
| ST-PSC | Semi-transparent perovskite solar cell |
| P/SHJ | Perovskite/silicon-heterojunction |
| SJSC | Single-junction solar cells |
| OCVP | Open-circuit photo-voltage |
