View that Overall Improvement is Unlikely or Impossible
The Family and Our Descendants
Risks and Mistakes
Not Playing God
The Genetic Supermarket
A Mixed System
Values
14 The Moral Significance of the Therapy–Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics
Introduction
Somatic versus Germline Interventions
The Concepts of Health and Disease
The Goals of Medicine
Our Humanness
The Rights of the Unborn
Eugenics
Conclusion: The Significance of the Distinction
15 In Defense of Posthuman Dignity
Transhumanists vs. Bioconservatives
Two Fears about the Posthuman
Is Human Dignity Incompatible with Posthuman Dignity?
Why We Need Posthuman Dignity
16 Statement on NIH Funding of Research Using Gene‐Editing Technologies in Human Embryos
17 Genome Editing and Assisted Reproduction
Introduction: Genetic Diseases, Genome Editing and Existing Alternatives
CRISPR and Assisted Reproduction
Assisted Reproduction and PGD, or Assisted Reproduction and CRISPR?
The Case for Genome Editing: Two Sets of Arguments
Selection versus Therapy
Curing Embryos, Society or Prospective Parents?
Conclusions: Context Matters
References
18 Who's Afraid of the Big Bad (Germline Editing) Wolf?
References
19 An Ethical Pathway for Gene Editing
15 Part IV: Life and Death Issues
16 Introduction 20 The Sanctity of Life 1 Direct Objections and Side‐Effects 2 Stating the Principle of the Sanctity of Life 3 The Boundary between Life and Death 4 ‘Being Alive Is Intrinsically Valuable’ 5 ‘Being Conscious Is Intrinsically Valuable’ 6 ‘Being Human Is Intrinsically Valuable’ 7 The Concept of a ‘Life Worth Living’ 8 Is the Desire to Live the Criterion of a Worthwhile Life? 9 Length of Life 10 The ‘No Trade‐Off’ View 11 The Social Effects of Abandoning the Sanctity of Life References 21 Declaration on Euthanasia I The Value of Human Life II Euthanasia III The Meaning of Suffering for Christians and the Use of Painkillers IV Due Proportion in the Use of Remedies Conclusion
17 Killing and Letting Die 22 Active and Passive Euthanasia Reference 23 The Morality of Killing The Morality of Killing 24 Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? 2 3 4 25 Why Killing is Not Always Worse – and Sometimes Better – Than Letting Die I II III 26 Moral Fictions and Medical Ethics The Concept of Moral Fictions Exposing the Moral Fictions The Moral Work of Moral Fictions Abandoning the Moral Fictions
