II The Ethical Importance of Infectious Disease
III Why the Neglect?
Conclusion
69 XDR‐TB in South Africa
The Threat to Regional and Global Health
The True Extent of the Problem
Factors Fuelling the Outbreak
Factors That Could Undermine Efforts to Tackle the Outbreak
Is There a Role for Involuntary Detention?
Conclusion
References
70 Clinical Ethics During the Covid‐19 PandemicMissing the Trees for the Forest
Introduction
Clinical Ethics Challenges Arising in the Care of Covid‐19 Patients
Clinical Ethics Considerations in the Care of “Non‐Covid‐19” Patients
Moral Distress of Healthcare Providers
References
71 The Moral Obligation to be Vaccinated:Utilitarianism, Contractualism, and Collective Easy Rescue
Introduction
From Collective to Individual Responsibility
The Utilitarian Approach: Group Beneficence and Imperceptible Contributions
The Deontological Approach
Duty of Easy Rescue and Fairness: A Further Argument for an Individual Moral Obligation to be Vaccinated
Conclusion
References
72 Taking Responsibility for Responsibility
Responsibility for Health
The Social Determinants of Health
Taking Responsibility for Responsibility
References
33 Part IX: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare
34 Introduction
35 When do Doctors have a Duty to Treat? 73 What Healthcare Professionals Owe Us Introduction What Healthcare Professionals Owe Us Neoliberalism and the Fetishisation of ‘Efficiency’ Implications for Healthcare Professionals’ Obligations Conclusion References 74 Conscientious Objection in Health Care Introduction What is Conscientious Objection? Assessing Approaches to Conscientious Objection in Health Care Conscientious Objection vs. Obstruction Conclusion 75 Conscientious Objection in Medicine Introduction Conscience – What Is It, and Does It Matter? Conscience Claims – Should They be Reasonable and Genuine? Conscience and Professionalism Voluntariness and Monopoly Equality of Opportunity Diversity Equal Citizenship Peaceful Co‐existence Conclusion References
36 Confidentiality 76 Confidentiality in Medicine Two Aspects of Medical Confidentiality The Role of Confidentiality in Medicine Possible Solutions to the Confidentiality Problem Afterthought: Confidentiality and Indiscretion Conclusion 77 A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality The Case of the Infected Spouse Clearing the Ground: What Professional Obligations Are Not The Concept of a Professional Obligation The Duty to Diminish Risks to Third Parties A Defense of Unqualified Confidentiality Concluding Remarks
