Rachels, “Active and Passive Euthanasia,” pp. 78–80 from New England Journal of Medicine 292 (1975). © 1975 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reproduced with permission of Massachusetts Medical Society.23 Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr., “The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View,” pp. 381–419 from Life and Death with Liberty and Justice: A Contribution to the Euthanasia Debate (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1971). Reproduced with permission of University of Notre Dame Press.
24 Winston Nesbitt, “Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die?” pp. 101–105 from Journal of Applied Philosophy 12: 1 (1995). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
25 Helga Kuhse, “Why Killing Is Not Always Worse – and Sometimes Better – Than Letting Die,” pp. 371–374 from Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare 7: 4 (1998). Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
26 Franklin G. Miller, Robert D. Truog, and Dan W.Brock, “Moral Fictions and Medical Ethics,” pp. 453–460 from Bioethics 24: 9 (2010). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
27 Robert M. Sade, “Can a Physician Ever Justifiably Euthanize a Severely Disabled Neonate?” p. 532 from The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149 (2015). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
28 Gilbert Meilaender, “No to Infant Euthanasia,” pp. 533–534 from The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149 (2015). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
29 Udo Schüklenk, “Physicians Can Justifiably Euthanize Certain Severely Impaired Neonates,” pp. 535–537 from The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149 (2015). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
30 Gary Comstock, “You Should Not Have Let Your Baby Die” from The New York Times, July 12, 2017. Reproduced with permission of New York Times / PARS.
31 Alberto Giubilini and Francesa Minerva, “After‐Birth Abortion: Why Should the Baby Live?”pp. 261–263 from Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (2013). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
32 Christopher Kaczor, “Abortion as a Human Rights Violation,” pp. 92–98 from Kate Greasley and Christopher Kaczor (eds.), Abortion Rights: For and Against (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018). Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
33 Dominic Wilkinson and Julian Savulescu, “Hard Lessons: Learning from the Charlie Gard Case,” pp. 438−442 from Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (2018). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
34 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death, “A Definition of Irreversible Coma,” pp. 85–88 from Journal of the American Medical Association 205: 6 (August 1968).
35 Peter Singer, “The Challenge of Brain Death for the Sanctity of Life Ethic,” pp. 153–165 from Ethics & Bioethics in Central Europe 8: 3–4 (2018).
36 The President’s Council on Bioethics, “The Philosophical Debate,” pp. 49–68 from Controversies in the Determination of Death (white paper). Washington, D.C., December 2008. Public domain.
37 Jeff McMahan, “Alternative to Brain Death,” pp. 47–48 from Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 34 (2006). Includes only the section “An Alternative Understanding of Brain Death,” with some editing to remove references to the earlier section. Reproduced with permission of Sage Publications Ltd.
38 Ronald Dworkin, “Life Past Reason,” pp. 218–229 from Life’s Dominion: An Argument about Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom (New York: Knopf, 1993). © 1993 by Ronald Dworkin. Reproduced with permission of Alfred A. Knopf, an imprint of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Random House LLC. All rights reserved.
39 Rebecca Dresser, “Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy,” pp. 32–38 from Hastings Center Report 25: 6 (November/December 1995). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
40 Chris Hill, “The Note,” pp. 9–17 from Helga Kuhse (ed.), Willing to Listen, Wanting to Die (Ringwood, Australia: Penguin Books, 1994).
41 Daniel Callahan, “When Self‐Determination Runs Amok,” pp. 52–55 from Hastings Center Report 22: 2 (March/April 1992). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
42 John Lachs, “When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok,” pp. 10–13 from The Journal of Clinical Ethics 5: 1 (Spring 1994). Reproduced with permission of The Journal of Clinical Ethics.
43 Bonnie Steinbock, “Physician‐Assisted Death and Severe, Treatment‐Resistant Depression,” pp. 30−42 from Hastings Center Report 47: 5 (2017), updated by the author for this edition (2021). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
44 William Rooney, Udo Schüklenk, and Suzanne van de Vathorst, “Are Concerns about Irremediableness, Vulnerability, or Competence Sufficient to Exclude All Psychiatric Patients from Medical Aid in Dying?” pp. 326–343 from Health Care Analysis 26 (2018). Reproduced with permission of Springer Nature.
45 Peter Singer and Lucy Winkett, “The Duel: Is It More Important to Save Younger Lives?, Prospect, May 4, 2020. Reproduced courtesy of the authors and Prospect magazine.
46 John Harris, “The Value of Life,” pp. 87–102 from The Value of Life (London: Routledge, 1985). © 1985 Routledge. Reproduced with permission of Taylor & Francis Books UK.
47 Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord, “Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination,” a paper presented to the conference “Valuing Lives” New York University, March 5, 2011, © Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord, reproduced with permission of the authors. The chapter draws on Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord, “Rationing and Rationality: The Cost of Avoiding Discrimination,” pp. 232−239 from N. Eyal et al. (eds.), Inequalities in Health: Concepts, Measures, and Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013). Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press.
48 Paul T. Menzel, “Rescuing Lives: Can’t We Count?” pp. 22–23 from Hastings Center Report 24: 1 (1994). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
49 Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler, “Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?” pp. 1295–1298 from Journal of the American Medical Association 265: 10 (1991). © 1991 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
50 Eike‐Henner W. Kluge, “Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body Is It Anyway?” © 1999 Eike‐Henner W. Kluge.
51 Janet Radcliffe‐Richards et al., “The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales,” pp. 1950–1952 from The Lancet 351: 9120 (June 27, 1998). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
52 Debra Satz, “Ethical Issues in the Supply and Demand of Human Kidneys,” pp. 189–206 from Why Some Things Should Not Be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010). based on an article from Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 2 (2010). Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press and the Aristotelian Society.
53 John Harris, “The Survival Lottery,” pp. 81–87 from Philosophy 50 (1975). © 1975 Royal Institute of Philosophy. Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
54 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, “The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection
