Service; Chenhui Li, University of Missouri; Mark A. Liebig, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; James Lin, Kansas State University; Roberto Luciano, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; Daniel K. Manter, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Marshall D. McDaniel, Iowa State University; Maysoon M. Mikha, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Vladimir Mirlas, Ariel University, Israel; Bianca N. Moebius‐Clune, USDA‐NRCS, Soil Health Division (SHD); Jeennifer Moore‐Kucera, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Cristine L.S. Morgan, Soil Health Institute; Márcio R. Nunes, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; John F. Obrycki, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Adi Oren, Arlel University, Israel; Deborah S. Page‐Dumroese, USDA Forest Service; Lumarie Pérez‐Guzmán, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Charles (Hobie) Perry, USDA Forest Service; Carlos B. Pires, Kansas State University; Charles W. Rice, Kansas State University; Felipe G. Sanchez, USDA Forest Service; Marcos V. M. Sarto, Kansas State University; Steven R. Shafer, Soil Health Institute (retired); Diane E. Stott, USDA‐NRCS Soil Health Division (retired); Ken A. Sudduth, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Paul W. Tracy, Soil Health Institute; Ranjith P. Udawatta, University of Missouri; Kristen S. Veum, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Jordon Wade, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign; Skye Wills, USDA‐NRCS, Soil Survey Center; Alyssa M. Zearley, The Ohio State University; Michael Zilberbrand, Ariel University, Israel
REVIEWERS Francisco Arriaga, University of Wisconsin – Madison; Maurício Cherubin, Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Mriganka De, Minnesota State University; Lisa M. Durso, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Nick Goeser, CEO – ASA, CSSA, SSSA, ASF; William R. Horwath, University of California; Jane M.F. Johnson, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Marshall D. McDaniel, Iowa State University; Jennifer Moore‐Kucera, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Jeff M. Novak, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Márcio Renato Nunes, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Daniel C. Oak, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service; Gyles W. Randall, University of Minnesota (retired)
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE American Society of Agronomy Crop Science Society of America Soil Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711‐58011, USA
SOCIETY PRESIDENTS Jeffrey J. Volenec (ASA) P. V. Vara Prasad (CSSA) April Ulerey (SSSA)
SOCIETY EDITORS‐IN‐CHIEF Kathleen M. Yeater (ASA) C. Wayne Smith (CSSA) David D. Myrold (SSSA)
BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA PUBLISHING COMMITTEE Girisha Ganjegunte, Chair Fugen Dou David Fang Shuyu Liu Gurpal Toor
DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS Matt Wascavage
BOOKS STAFF Richard Easby, Managing Editor
Soil Health Series: Volume 1 Approaches to Soil Health Analysis
Edited by Douglas L. Karlen, Diane E. Stott, and Maysoon M. Mikha
Copyright © 2021 © Soil Science Society of America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copublication by © Soil Science Society of America, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to reuse material from this title is available at http://wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Douglas L. Karlen, Diane E. Stott, and Maysoon M. Mikha to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy of completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The publisher is not providing legal, medical, or other professional services. Any reference herein to any specific commercial products, procedures, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favored status by the SSSA. The views and opinions of the author(s) expressed in this publication do not necessarily state or reflect those of SSSA, and they shall not be used to advertise or endorse any product.
Editorial Correspondence: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711‐58011, USA soils.org
Registered Offices: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products, visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for Paperback: 9780891189800 doi: 10.2136/soilhealth.vol1
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © Joshua Miller, DPH, PhD, Steve Culman, Timothy Clough, Pedro Ferrari Machado, Negar Tafti
Dedication
These books are dedicated to Dr. John W. Doran, a retired USDA‐ARS (Agricultural Research Service) Research Soil Scientist whose profound insight provided international inspiration to strive to understand the capacity of our fragile soil resources to function within ecosystem boundaries, sustain biological productivity, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant and animal health.
Understanding and quantifying soil health is a journey for everyone. Even for John, who early in his career believed soil quality was too abstract to be defined or measured. He initially thought soil quality was simply too dependent on numerous, uncontrollable factors, including land use decisions, ecosystem or environmental interactions, soil and plant management practices, and political or socioeconomic priorities. In the 1990s, John pivoted, stating he now recognized
