Cohen, Self-ownership, Freedom, and Equality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 12.16 16. Anthony Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in Late-modern Age (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991); Anthony Giddens, The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love, and Eroticism in Modern Societies (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992).
17 17. Axel Honneth, The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts, trans. Joel Anderson (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995).
18 18. Camille Paglia, Sex, Art and American Culture (New York: Vintage, 1992).
19 19. George G. Brenkert, “Freedom and Private Property in Marx,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 2, no. 8 (1979): 122–147; Émile Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, trans. Karen E. Fields (1912; New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995); Émile Durkheim, Moral Education, trans. Everett K. Wilson and Herman Schnurer (1925; New York: Free Press, 1961); Émile Durkheim, Durkheim on Politics and the State, ed. Anthony Giddens, trans. W. D. Halls (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1986); Émile Durkheim, Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. John A. Spaulding and George Simpson (1897; New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997); Anthony Giddens, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971); Karl Marx, The Grundrisse, ed. and trans. David McLellan (1939–1941; New York: Harper & Row, 1970); Karl Marx, “The Power of Money,” in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Collected Works, vol. 3 (1844; New York: International Publishers, 1975); Karl Marx, “Speech on the Question of Free Trade,” in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Collected Works, vol. 6 (1848; New York: International Publishers, 1976); Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, “The German Ideology,” in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Collected Works, vol. 5 (1932; New York: International Publishers, 1975); Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, “Manifesto of the Communist Party,” in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Collected Works, vol. 6 (1848; New York: International Publishers, 1976); Georg Simmel, Freedom and the Individual, in On Individuality and Social Forms: Selected Writings, ed. and with an introduction by Donald N. Levine (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), 217–226; Georg Simmel, “The Stranger,” in On Individuality and Social Forms: Selected Writings, ed. and with an introduction by Donald N Levine (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), 143–149; Max Weber, Die Verhältnisse der Landarbeiter im ostelbischen Deutschland, vol. 55 (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1892); Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. T. Parsons, A. Giddens, with an introduction by A. Giddens (1904–1905; London: Routledge, 1992); Max Weber, Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, trans. A. M. Henderson and T. Parsons, ed. and with an introduction by T. Parsons (1947; New York: The Free Press, 1964).
20 20. Axel Honneth, Freedom’s Right: The Social Foundations of Democratic Life, trans. Joseph Ganahl (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014).
21 21. Wendy Brown, States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995), 5.
22 22. David Bloor, Knowledge and Social Imagery (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976).
23 23. Richard Posner, Sex and Reason (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994).
24 24. See Robin West, “Sex, Reason, and a Taste for the Absurd” (Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 11–76, 1993).
25 25. Lila Abu-Lughod, “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others,” American Anthropologist 104, no. 3 (2002): 783–790, esp. 785; Saba Mahmood, Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).
26 26. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (1975; New York: Pantheon Books, 1977).
27 27. Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France 1977–1978, ed. Arnold I. Davidson, trans. Graham Burchell (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007); Michel Foucault, The Government of Self and Others: Lectures at the Collège de France 1982–1983, ed. Arnold I. Davidson, trans. Graham Burchell (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).
28 28. Nikolas Rose, Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); Nikolas Rose, Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
29 29. Deborah L. Tolman, Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage Girls Talk about Sexuality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), 5–6.
30 30. Quoted in Wendy Brown, States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 20.
31 31. See in particular David M. Halperin and Trevor Hoppe, who document the expansion of sexual rights in the United States in their work The War on Sex. As they document, while there has been progress in marriage equality, reproductive rights, and access to birth control, there remain many areas that are socially controlled by government such as sex offender registries, criminalization of HIV, and punitive measures against sex work. See David M. Halperin and Trevor Hoppe, eds., The War on Sex (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017).
32 32. For an elaborated discussion on this issue, see Dana Kaplan, “Recreational Sexuality, Food, and New Age Spirituality: A Cultural Sociology of Middle-Class Distinctions” (PhD diss., Hebrew University, 2014); Dana Kaplan, “Sexual Liberation and the Creative Class in Israel,” in Introducing the New Sexuality Studies, ed. S. Seidman, N. Fisher, and C. Meeks (2011; London: Routledge, 2016), 363–370; Volker Woltersdorff, “Paradoxes of Precarious Sexualities: Sexual Subcultures under Neo-liberalism,” Cultural Studies 25, no. 2 (2011): 164–182.
33 33. Modern homosexuality constitutes the historical accomplishment of sexual freedom its moral embodiment because, in contrast to Greek homosexuality, it does not organize and naturalize inequality (it is not about the display of power of a man over a slave or a young man).
34 34. Camille Paglia, Sex, Art, and American Culture: Essays (1992; New York: Vintage, 2011, ii).
35 35. Ibid.
36 36. Jeffrey Weeks, Invented Moralities: Sexual Values in an Age of Uncertainty (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995).
37 37. Ibid., 29. The claim, however, is relevant to the Western world, less so to societies like that of China.
38 38. This is, by the way, no less true of homosexual encounters than it is of heterosexual ones.
39 39. Beckert, Jens. Imagined Futures: Fictional Expectations in the Economy. In Theory and Society 42(2), 219–240.
40 40. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace, trans. George Gibian (1896; New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1966), 24.
41 41. James Duesenberry, “Comment on ‘An Economic Analysis of Fertility,’” in Mark Granovetter, Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries, ed. Universities National Bureau Committee for Economic Research (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985), 233; Mark Granovetter, “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness,” American Journal of Sociology 91, no. 3 (1985): 458–510.
42 42. Sven Hillenkamp, Das Ende der Liebe: Gefühle im Zeitalter unendlicher Freiheit. (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 2010); Anthony Giddens, Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age (1991; Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009); Ian Greener, “Towards a History of Choice in UK Health Policy,” Sociology of Health and Illness 31, no. 3 (2009): 309–324; Renata Salecl, “Society of Choice,” Differences 20, no. 1 (2009): 157–180; Renata Salecl, “Self in Times of Tyranny of Choice,” FKW//Zeitschrift für Geschlechterforschung
