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      Nanotechnology in Medicine

      Toxicity and Safety

       Edited by

       Mahendra Rai

       Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Maharashtra, India

       Mrunali Patel

       Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology Changa, Gujarat, India

       Rashmin Patel

       Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology Changa, Gujarat, India

      This edition first published 2022

      © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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      The right of Mahendra Rai, Mrunali Patel, and Rashmin Patel, to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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      Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Rai, Mahendra, editor. | Patel, Mrunali Rashmin, 1981– editor. | Patel, Rashmin Bharatbhai, 1979– editor. Title: Nanotechnology in medicine : toxicity and safety / edited by Mahendra Kumar Rai, SGB Amravati University, Maharashtra, India, Mrunali Rashmin Patel, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Gujarat, India, Rashmin Bharatbhai Patel, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Gujarat, India. Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley–Blackwell, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021031539 (print) | LCCN 2021031540 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119769866 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119769873 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119769880 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Nanotechnology. | Medical technology. Classification: LCC R857.N34 N3617 2022 (print) | LCC R857.N34 (ebook) | DDC 610.285–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021031539 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021031540

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      Preface

      Currently, an exceptional growth in research, innovation, and applications have been realized in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is beheld as a transformative technology. It offers ample possibilities to address the key societal challenges essential to encounter global healthcare problems. It presents engineered nanomaterials, smart innovative products incorporating these materials, and nanoenabled processes having magnificent growth potential for a large number of industrial sectors. Formulation scientists have extensively used nanoparticles for entrapment of drugs with intention of enhanced delivery to, or uptake by, target cells and/or a reduction in the toxicity of the free drug to nontarget organs. There is collective optimism that nanotechnology, as applied to medicine, has and will further lead to noteworthy developments in therapeutics, tissue engineering, active implants, nano‐robotic biosensors, molecular diagnostics and imaging, bone grafting, tiny vehicles for drug delivery, nutraceuticals, genomics, and proteomics. Nanomedicine, incorporating prospective drug delivery nanocarriers, hails great promises to combat complex illnesses like cancer, neurological diseases, infectious or inflammatory diseases, and malaria due to novel physicochemical properties. However, this may damage and exert toxicological effects due to detrimental interfaces with living systems and the environment. Thus, the smart and sustainable development of these nanomaterials has created concerns about their possible undesirable effects on human health and safety as well as an environmental burden. Additionally, these necessitate

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