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1.7 shows the reduction VDI, after the placement of RDGs and shunt capacitors for all the load hours of the considered day. From Figure 1.7 and Table 1.7, it may be noticed that the reduction of VDI is quite significant for all the load hours, which implies a significant improvement of voltage profile after the placement of DGs to the distribution network corresponding to each load hours. Figure 1.8 shows the improvement of voltage profile after the placement of DGs to the distribution network for the 15th hour, using mixed discrete SPBO.
From the study, it is worth noting that after the placement of biomass DG, solar PV and shunt capacitors to the distribution networks, the active power loss, and VDI reduces quite significantly for both the considered distribution networks and for all the load hours of the considered day. The effective annual installation cost is also found to be less for both the considered distribution networks. It may also be said that the mixed discrete SPBO is quite capable to optimize the sizes and locations of the DGs, in order to achieve the desired objectives.
Table 1.7 Optimum placement of RDGs and shunt capacitors to the 69-bus distribution network.
| Load hour | Optimum size of biomass DG (kW) | Optimum size of solar PV (kW) | Optimum size of shunt capacitor (kVAr) | Active power loss before placement of DG (kW) | Active power loss after placement of DG (kW) | Base VDI (before placement of DG) | VDI after placement of DG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location – 61 | Location - 21 | Location - 17 | |||||
| 1 | 1098.3 | 963.8 | 375 | 86.4909 | 8.3858 | 0.0383 | 0.0027 |
| 2 | 1036.3 | 963.8 | 350 | 75.5157 | 7.3189 | 0.0334 | 0.0023 |
| 3 | 1003.4 | 963.8 | 350 | 70.3339 | 6.9606 | 0.0312 | 0.0021 |
| 4 | 973.4183 | 963.8 | 325 | 65.3533 | 6.3379 | 0.0290 | 0.002 |
| 5 | 973.4183 | 963.8 | 325 | 65.3533 | 6.3379 | 0.0290 | 0.002 |
| 6 | 1003.4 | 963.8 | 350 | 70.3339 | 6.9606 | 0.0312 | 0.0021 |
| 7 | 1096.2 | 963.8 | 375 | 86.4909 | 8.176 | 0.0383 | 0.0026 |
| 8 | 1251.2 | 963.8 | 425 | 124.4711 | 8.7507 | 0.0551 | 0.0024 |
| 9 | 1372.4 | 963.8 | 425 | 166.2875 | 8.4317 | 0.0735 | 0.0019 |
| 10 | 1456.4 | 963.8 | 425 | 201.1622 | 9.435 | 0.0888 | 0.0019 |
| 11 | 1495.3 | 963.8 | 425 | 220.0746 | 10.3757 | 0.0972 | 0.0019 |
| 12 | 1495.4 | 963.8 | 425 | 224.9605 | 10.8111 | 0.0993 | 0.0019 |
| 13 | 1481.1 | 963.8 | 425 | 220.0746 | 10.5949 | 0.0972 | 0.0018 |
| 14 | 1504.2 | 963.8 | 425 | 224.9605 | 10.6459 | 0.0993 | 0.002 |
| 15 | 1523.5 | 963.8 | 475 | 224.9605 | 11.2002 | 0.0993 | 0.0024 |
| 16 | 1508.2 | 963.8 | 475 | 210.4930 | 11.3714 | 0.0929 | 0.0029 |
| 17 | 1525.2 | 963.8 | 525 | 205.7964 | 14.4862 | 0.0909 |
0.0044
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