GIS provides ready to connect high voltage substations assembled on trucks and trailers, which can be energized within a short period of time to replace a damaged substation. These mobile GIS concepts are available for voltages up to 500 kV.
There are many practical examples of GIS installations world‐wide that provide examples of successful project in operation. These examples have been extended by case studies for city and network developments to show new possibilities with using GIS in the substation. Underground substations in metropolitan areas and city centers offer technical options to bring electric power to city or industry developments, when only little space and right of way is available. Underground projects are presented from all over the world to show new GIS‐related options. With case studies on city development projects, the complex situation to apply power infrastructure is shown and options are explained when using GIS.
Special buildings is a chapter which describes the combination of high‐voltage electric power supply installations within the same buildings as offices, apartments, restaurants, public places like cinemas, theaters, or spaces for sports events. The combination of multiple uses of buildings and power supply infrastructure makes GIS a perfect technology to provide the functions of high‐power switching capabilities in a small space, such as in the basement of buildings. Examples from all over the world are presented in this chapter including the economic comparison with other technical solutions like classical air‐insulated substations. Those cases are explained and the result provides the most efficient and economical solution.
Advanced Technology is dedicated to GIS developments in new technologies and applications. This covers applications of high voltage vacuum circuit breakers of 145 kV up to 500 kV to allow GIS using only technical air and vacuum with no contributing gas to global warming potential.
DC GIS is seen as a new implementation to high voltage direct current (HV DC) transmission systems and provide substantial space and foot print reductions for the converter and transition stations.
Digital substations are key element of the future intelligent or smart electric power network for optimized management and safe control.Soft technical topics like environmental acceptance, life cycle cost analysis or risk based assessments of high voltage substations are discussed to show advantages which can be reached by GIS.
Advantages of low power instrument transformers for new methods of collecting data in the transmission network, handling of very fast transient overvoltages and electromagnetic fields when using GIS are explained.
Possibilities on replacement of SF6 to reduce the global warming potential are explained and the advantages of different solutions are shown.
The latest development of GIS technology and applications is covered by this second edition and provides practical information to the reader to understand the advantages of and possibilities with Gas‐Insulated Substations (GIS).
Hermann Koch
Editor
Gerhardshofen, Germany, November 2021
Foreword PES Substations Committee
Many years in the making, it is a pleasure to see the second edition of the Gas‐Insulated Substations (GIS) Handbook being published. The countless hours of many to review, update, and revise the first edition has brought you a more complete and up‐to‐date glimpse of what is happening in the GIS industry.
Having been involved in many of the committee meetings, where experts of all different backgrounds and companies have met, it is always a great pleasure that these technical leaders can sit down, under the leadership of Dr. Hermann J. Koch, and work through an expansive and broad topic. Even trying to forecast by covering Advanced Technologies – and where this equipment may be used in the future and for what reasons. There are also plenty of sample projects that hopefully the reader can relate to and can use that information to help in his or her own project.
From basic information about GIS, to the different GIS instrument transformers, to the connection types to other pieces of electrical equipment, this book runs the gambit, making sure to inform the reader of all the critical aspects that should be paid attention to during the design of the GIS substation. It has over 100 years of the authors’ in‐depth expert‐level knowledge in this book. Being part of this community has been an honor and look forward to many more years.
It does sadden me that during the publication of this book, we had lost one of the authors to a tragic accident. Dr. Xi Zhu passed away on 29 May 2021. He personally has over 30 years of High Voltage research and development and was an IEEE Senior member and CIGRE member. His impact in the committee meetings will be sincerely missed.
Patrick J. Fitzgerald
Chair, IEEE PES Substations Committee 2020–2021
Boston, November 2021
Foreword GE Grid Solutions
I started my career in GIS activity 24 years ago and at that time I wish I had such a book with me to speed‐up my comprehension and expertise on GIS. I must admit that after all these years, this book has found its place on my desk and is frequently opened to enrich my knowledge or to find a specific answer to questions that were never raised before.
GIS is gathering a wide field of technology and expertise within high‐voltage world, like switching components, measuring instruments, arresters, bushings, LV equipment, control and monitoring, structures, etc. Many documents, guides, and standards are needed to cover the full scope of GIS. CIGRE, IEC, and IEEE have been working hard for the last 50 years to gather knowledge and best practices for designing, manufacturing, installing, and operating GIS. For newcomers in GIS and even for experienced users, it is sometime difficult to find where is the information they are looking for. This book is just there to simplify their life. It is also the trusted door to access all necessary information they need as it has been written and reviewed by a wide panel of experts in GIS.
Since beginning of GIS in early 1960, technology has continuously changed and GIS got benefit of these changes. This revised edition is considering all recent breakthrough and coming trends in GIS like alternative gases, digital technology, and DC GIS.
I hope you will enjoy the reading and find the information you are looking for.
Arnaud Ficheux
CIGRE, IEC, and IEEE Member
GIS Technical Support and Innovation Manager, GE Grid Solutions
Aix‐les Bains, France, November 2021
Foreword Hitachi Energy
Gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) operates invisibly, safely, and reliably and is often hidden in buildings or other structures. No movement can be seen, just a faint hum betrays the flow of bulk AC power. Perhaps that's why there has only been this one comprehensive reference work on GIS technology, further remarkable since it was only first published in 2014. The history of GIS dates back several decades, and its implementation has been very successful. GIS technology originated in 1936, when a Freon‐filled GIS assembly, rated at 33 kV, was demonstrated in the United States. Later, in the mid‐1950s, sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) was discovered, a gas with excellent insulating and arc‐extinguishing properties. By the mid‐1960s, GIS was sufficiently well developed to be commercially viable and appealing to a broader market. Today, GIS is an established technology that allows for safe, highly reliable operation in confined spaces, owing to its being enclosed
