Grid, United Illuminating, Pacific Gas & Electric, Dominion, G&E, Southern California Edison the use of photos and graphics.
The authors thank IEEE PES for their permission to reproduce information related to the IEEE Standards C37 series with the main focus on C37.122, C37.122.1, C37.122.2, and C37.122.3 as indicated in the subclause references. Further information on IEC is available from www.ieee.org.
Thanks to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to reproduce information of IEC 62271‐203, ‐203, and ‐209. All such extracts are copyright of IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Further information on IEC is available from www.iec.ch.
The authors also thanks CIGRE (International Council of Large Electric Systems) for their permission to reproduce information from their Technical Brochures as indicated in the subclause references. Further information on www.CIGRE.org.
IEEE, IEC, and CIGRE have no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and contents are reproduced by the authors, nor in any way responsible for the other content or accuracy therein.
Thanks to John Wiley & Sons and the editing team for their professional work and publishing in a nice‐looking way.
Thank you to my family with my wife Edith, my children Christian and Katrin, their partners Britta and Peter, and my grandson Lukas for the patience to give me the time to work on the book.
The editor and all authors wish you, the reader of the GIS book to find informative and useable information for your work on high voltage substation design.
1 Introduction
Authors: Hermann Koch, John Brunke
Reviewers: Phil Bolin, Devki Sharma, Jim Massura, George Becker, Scott Scharf, and Michael Novev
1.1 General
This book is based on the tutorial and panel sessions presented by the subject matter experts (SME) of gas‐insulated substations in the working group K2 of the Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineer (IEEE) Substations Committee. Gas‐insulated substations (GIS), for alternative current (AC) were invented in the early 1960s with the first projects in the mid‐1960s in the United States and Europe. In Japan, research and development for GIS started from 1963 followed by the practical application of 84 kV GIS (1968).
With thousands of installed bays, of GIS today, we can look back to a wide range of experiences gained in very different cases of applications.
The IEEE Substations Committee created the GIS Subcommittee K0 more than twenty‐five years ago and since then this subcommittee has continuously worked on standards and guides in the field of GIS technology and application. About twenty‐five standards and guides related to the GIS have been published to‐date, with continuous revision work in progress on all documents and preparation of new documents.
Around the year 2000, the SME of the GIS Subcommittee started to collect information on GIS and developed a tutorial on Gas‐Insulated Substations (GIS) and Transmission Lines (GIL). This working group is numbered as K2 in the GIS Subcommittee and continually works to come up with new tutorials on different subjects associated with GIS.
1.1.1 Organization
The organization of the Substations Committee was developed over the last decades with the focus being on any equipment and systems related to substations. In Table 1.1, the scope of the subcommittees of the substations committee is shown and in Figure 1.1, the organization of the Substations Committee is shown.
IEEE PES Substations Committee has five subcommittees. Three subcommittees are for transmission and distribution (T&D) substations in physical electrical design (D0), physical civil design (E0), and grounding lightning (G0). One subcommittee for power electronic in T&D substations and one for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) (K0). For the scope of the subcommittees, see Table 1.1. The administrative substation committee (B0) is represented by the chair, vice‐chair, secretary, past‐chair and holds subcommittees for transactions editor, awards (H0), standards (S0), and meetings (M0).
Table 1.1 Scope of subcommittees of the substations committee
| D0: | Transmission and distribution substation design for a medium‐voltage substation in the range of 1 kV up to and including 52 kV and a high‐voltage substation above 52 kV |
| E0: | Transmission and distribution of substation operations for medium‐voltage substations in the range of 1 kV up to and including 52 kV and high‐voltage substations for above kV |
| G0: | Transmission and distribution of substation grounding and lightning |
| I0: | High‐voltage power electronics stations for DC equipment above 1.5 kV to be installed in a substation or converter station like AC/DC converters, coils, filters, grounding, and software for control and protection |
| K0: | Gas‐insulated substations for AC high‐voltage equipment above 1 kV of switchgear, disconnectors, and ground switches (GIS) and power transmission (GIL) |
The standardization work is split into working groups of the five subcommittees which carry the responsibility for standards and guides. D0 for physical electrical design of substations has seven active working groups: Electrical Clearance D1 (IEEE 1427), Cable System in Substations D2 (IEEE 525), Bus Design D3 (IEEE 605), Seismic requirements to Substation Equipment D4 (IEEE 693), Flexible Bus works in Substations D5 (IEEE 1527), Turnkey Substations D8 (IEEE 1267), and AC/DC Power Supply Systems in Substations D9 (IEEE 1818).
The physical civil design subcommittee E0 is active in six working groups on Community Acceptance of Substations E1 (IEEE 1127), Oil Spill prevention to the substation soil E2 (IEEE 980), Fire Protection E3 (IEEE 979), Animal Deterrents E5 (IEEE 1264), Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System E6 (IEEE 81), and Electric Power Substation Physical and Electronic Security E7 (IEEE 1402).
Figure 1.1 Organization of the Substations Committee
The grounding and lightning subcommittee is active in five working groups. G4 is responsible for two standards on Mobile Substation Equipment (IEEE 1268) and Temporary Grounding (IEEE 1246). Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations of working group G5 (IEEE 998), Grounding Resistivity G6 (IEEE 81), Substation Grounding G7 (IEEE 80), and Qualifying Permanent Connections Used in Substation Grounding G9 (IEEE 837).
The power electronic equipment subcommittee is active in seven working groups. I1 is responsible for two guides, the Functional Specification
