gas compartments in elect...Table 2.16 Methods for storage of SF6 [51, 52]Table 2.17 Containers for transportation [51, 52]Table 2.18 Stored SF6 in GIS [51, 52]Table 2.19 Man‐made greenhouse emissions in 1999 [51, 52]Table 2.20 Maximum acceptable impurity levels for technical grade SF6 (IEC ...Table 2.21 Goals for the SF6‐handling processTable 2.22 Three cases of SF6 handling [51, 52]Table 2.23 Steps of SF6 reuse program involving an SF6 producer [51, 52]Table 2.24 Normal case of SF6 handling [51, 52]Table 2.25 Gas handling at a GIS circuit breaker gas compartment [51, 52]Table 2.26 Technical data for on‐site SF6 measuring devices [51, 52]Table 2.27 Kyoto Protocol requirements [51, 52]Table 2.28 Main requirements for use and handling SF6 [51, 52]Table 2.29 Phase out dates for high‐voltage equipment containing SF6 in Cali...3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Service conditions and ratings (use the template to specify value...Table 3.2 Limits of supply referring to Figure 3.57 (Simplified from table ...Table 3.3 Typical standard dimensions in millimeters (simplified from table...Table 3.4 Typical moment and forces applied on the bushing flange and trans...Table 3.5 Recommended creepage distance values [12, 13]
4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 IEC 61850 series on communication networks and systems for power ...Table 4.2 Categories of functionsTable 4.3 Information of function descriptionTable 4.4 Overview of standards related to digital communication
5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Approximations of US and international dimensions and torques (Re...Table 6.2 Test levels (Reproduced by permission of Tech S Corp)
6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Dielectric required sizeTable 7.2 Typical current ratings
7 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Technical data of the 500 kV/115 kV GIS/AIS substationTable 8.2 Technical data of the 115 kV GIS switching stationTable 8.3 Technical data of the 345 kV indoor GISTable 8.4 Technical data of the 69 kV indoor GISTable 8.5 Technical data of the 115 kV container GISTable 8.6 Technical data of the 115 kV outdoor GISTable 8.7 Technical data of the 345 kV indoor GISTable 8.8 Technical data of the 115 kV indoor GISTable 8.9 Technical data of the 69 kV indoor GISTable 8.10 Technical data of the 138 kV outdoor ring bus GISTable 8.11 Technical data of the 500 kV indoor GISTable 8.12 Technical data of the 69 kV outdoor GISTable 8.13 Technical data of the 69 kV underground GISTable 8.14 Technical data of the 69 kV indoor GIS under severe environmentTable 8.15 Technical data of the Bergen switching stationTable 8.16 Technical data of a mobile three‐phase insulated 72.5 kV GIS mou...Table 8.17 Technical data of a mobile 420 kV GISTable 8.18 Typical ratings for the Rogowski coilTable 8.19 Typical ratings for the 550 kV GISTable 8.20 Cost impact of conventional substation versus underground substa...
8 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Recycling process for GIS/GIL materialsTable 9.2 Factors influencing TEV magnitude in a GISTable 9.3 Rating the level of risk for the four most important risk areasTable 9.4 Rating the probability of occurrence in the classified risk areasTable 9.5 Rating the impact of the classified risk areasTable 9.6 Calculating the qualitative value of the riskTable 9.7 Some of the controls used to minimize the occurrence and impact o...Table 9.8 List of relevant SF6 decomposition byproducts. TLV (Threshold Lim...Table 9.9 Tropical Cyclone characteristics, vulnerability, and threatTable 9.10 Terrorist Physical Attack characteristics, vulnerability, and th...Table 9.11 Terrorist Physical Attack characteristics, vulnerability, and th...Table 9.12 Power frequency withstand voltage (AC) and Lightning impulse vol...Table 9.13 Arcing times of vacuum interrupter (VI) unitsTable 9.14 Voltage distribution at time t after the current zero (i = 0)Table 9.15 Footprint, weight, and SF6 amount for conventional and LPIT GIS ...Table 9.16 Overview IoT devices qualification testsTable 9.17 Recommended studies for offshore windfarmsTable 9.18 Technical Date of the clean‐air GIS with vacuum interrupterTable 9.19 Technical data of the DC GIS for 550 kV voltage ratingTable 9.20 Technical specifications of the 14 MW wind turbineTable 9.21 Exemplary technical data of HVDC GIS of the latest generation TB...Table 9.22 Type, routine, and special testsTable 9.23 Dielectric tests for HVDC GISTable 9.24 Sequence of insulation system test acc. CIGRE JWG D1/B3.57 TB 84...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Organization of the Substations Committee
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 One of the first GIS installed in Berlin, Germany, in 1968 at Wit...Figure 2.2 Steel enclosure – inductive flange productionFigure 2.3 Circuit breaker enclosure – three‐phase design of 110 kVFigure 2.4 110 kV GIS – double bus bar, three‐phase encapsulated, horizontal...Figure 2.5 380 kV horizontal GIS – three‐phase double bus bar and single‐pha...Figure 2.6 Steel enclosure manufacturing processFigure 2.7 Aluminum enclosure manufacturingFigure 2.8 (a) 145 kV GIS – single‐phase encapsulated and horizontal circuit...Figure 2.9 (a) 110 kV GIS – vertical circuit breaker and three‐phase enclosu...Figure 2.10 (a) 500 kV GIS – horizontal single‐phase circuit breaker and two...Figure 2.11 Self‐blast interruption unit – 1973 first patentFigure 2.12 Two‐cycle circuit breaker – anticompression cylinder – 1977 firs...Figure 2.13 Double valve interruption unit – 1985 first patents – low power ...Figure 2.14 Hydraulic drive for circuit breakers – until 2000Figure 2.15 Spring drive for circuit breakers – since 2000Figure 2.16 Reduction in size of GIS – 145 kV rated voltageFigure 2.17 Extension of 110 kV GIS – 110kV rated voltage. Extension of firs...Figure 2.18 Reduction of SF6 – gas weight reductionFigure 2.19 A coaxial system such as in GISFigure 2.20 The maximum electric field inside a GIS remains near constant ov...Figure 2.21
