Carbon Sequestration Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography
16.1. INTRODUCTION
16.2. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF EARTH MATERIALS
16.3. PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY
16.4. MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT
16.5. DATA PROCESSING
16.6. CASE STUDIES
16.7. FUTURE STUDIES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
17 Monitoring of Large‐Scale CO2 Injection Using CSEM, Gravimetric, and Seismic AVO Data
17.1. INTRODUCTION
17.2 FORWARD MODELS
17.3. INVERSE PROBLEM
17.4 NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS
17.5 CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A REDUCED, SMOOTHED LEVEL‐SET REPRESENTATION
APPENDIX B INITIAL ENSEMBLE GENERATION
APPENDIX C SAMPLE MEAN AND COVARIANCE MATRIX
REFERENCES
18 Self‐Potential Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage
18.1. INTRODUCTION
18.2. MECHANISMS OF SP GENERATION
18.3. ILLUSTRATIVE CALCULATIONS OF SP POSTPROCESSOR
18.4. FIELD OBSERVATIONS
18.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
11 Part IV: Case Studies of Geophysical Monitoring 19 Microseismic Monitoring, Event Location, and Focal Mechanisms at the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois, USA 19.1. INTRODUCTION 19.2. GEOLOGIC SETTING AND SEISMIC HISTORY 19.3. MONITORING 19.4. SUBSURFACE ARRAY CALIBRATION 19.5. EVENT CHARACTERIZATION 19.6. MODEL INTEGRATION 19.7. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 20 Associated Storage With Enhanced Oil Recovery 20.1. INTRODUCTION 20.2. METHODS 20.3. SITE CHARACTERIZATION 20.4. MVA 20.5. SIMULATION AND MODELING 20.6. RISK ASSESSMENT 20.7. CO2 ACCOUNTING AND IMPACT TO OIL RECOVERY 20.8. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DISCLAIMER REFERENCES 21 Testing Geophysical Methods for Assessing CO2 Migration at the SECARB Early Test, Cranfield, Mississippi, USA 21.1. INTRODUCTION 21.2. METHODS 21.3. RESULTS 21.4. DISCUSSION 21.5. CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 22 Toward Quantitative CO2 Monitoring at Sleipner, Norway 22.1. INTRODUCTION 22.2. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND MODELS 22.3. METHODOLOGY 22.4. SLEIPNER CASE STUDY 22.5. DISCUSSION 22.6. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 23 Geophysical Monitoring of CO2 Injection at Ketzin, Germany 23.1. INTRODUCTION 23.2. KETZIN SITE GEOLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION 23.3. CO2 INJECTION OPERATION 23.4. PETROPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS 23.5. GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING 23.6. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 23.7. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES
