Geophysical Monitoring Techniques
24.1. SUMMARY OF ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
24.2. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
12 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Descriptions of test samples with different fracture configuratio...Table 5.2 Modeling parameters
2 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Selected parameters associated with measurements made on core sam...Table 6.2 Summary of the linear relationships between Vp and Qp versus temp...Table 6.3 Quantitative analysis of the temperature dependence of μρ and You...Table 6.4 Quantitative analysis of changes in λρ (Gpa.Gm/Cm 3) an...
3 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Inversion results of time‐lapse VSP source offsets obtained using...
4 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Main parameters of the optimizer. They could be defined globally...
5 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Main parameters used in the faulted reservoir simulation
6 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Values of porosity and Archie’s coefficients a and m for various...Table 15.2 Electrode arraysTable 15.3 Percentage change from half‐space response caused by 50 m thick ...
7 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Resistivity of some common rocks
8 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Input parameters for generation of
9 Chapter 19Table 19.1 Stratigraphy at the IBDP siteTable 19.2 Description of wells at IBDP
10 Chapter 21Table 21.1 Tool selection criteria and deployment typeTable 21.2 Summary of tool response and lessons learned
11 Chapter 22Table 22.1 Utsira sandstone and Nordland shale propertiesTable 22.2 Brine and CO2 properties
12 Chapter 23Table 23.1 Summary of geophysical monitoring methods discussed in chapter 2...
13 Chapter 24Table 24.1 Advantages and limitations of various geophysical monitoring tec...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 A schematic showing the relationship between ground displacement ...Figure 2.2 Example of motion decomposition combining ascending and descendin...Figure 2.3 Range changes above the carbon storage site at In Salah, Algeria,...Figure 2.4 (a) Onset time of the most rapid change in reservoir volume. The ...Figure 2.5 (a) Detailed view of range change above well KB‐502 following 1,0...Figure 2.6 (a) Vertical displacements above well KB‐501, derived from X‐band...Figure 2.7 Distribution of total aperture change (effective fracture zone op...Figure 2.8 Calculated vertical displacement based upon the distribution of a...Figure 2.9 (a) Location of the Aquistore storage site in Saskatchewan, Canad...Figure 2.10 (a) RADARSAT‐2 Spotlight 12 SAR intensity image acquired on 23 A...Figure 2.11 Observed (a) vertical and (b) east‐west horizontal deformation r...Figure 2.12 Two components of displacement associated with point P2 from Fig...Figure 2.13 (a) Distribution of scatterers in the region surrounding the inj...Figure 2.14 Average range change from the 21 artificial reflectors installed...Figure 2.15 Time series of two measurement points in the vicinity of the inj...
2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 The CO2 produced from several anthropogenic and natural processes...Figure 3.2 A FMS instrument produces sidebands (ωc ± ωm) shifted from the ca...Figure 3.3 The in situ FMS instrument built at Los Alamos National Laborator...Figure 3.4 An example of (a) Voigt absorption profile and (b) the correspond...Figure 3.5 (a) A relatively sharp Voigt absorption profile and (b) the corre...Figure 3.6 Least‐squares fitting of FMS spectra. “Simulated” FMS data (the b...Figure 3.7 The derivative shaped FMS spectrum recorded for several (a) 12C16 Figure 3.8 A demonstration of the FMS accuracy and sensitivity where calibra...Figure 3.9 A comparison of the FMS stable isotope concentrations measured in...Figure 3.10 The remote FMS instrument was deployed to the ZERT controlled‐re...
3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The procedure for optimal design of seismic network for microseis...Figure 4.2 The location of the Kimberlina CCUS (carbon capture, utilization,...Figure 4.3 P‐wave velocity model for the Kimberlina site.Figure 4.4 The true locations of microseismic events (black dots) used in th...Figure 4.5 The initial (blue dots) and relocated (red dots) microseismic eve...Figure 4.6 The initial (blue dots) and relocated (red dots) microseismic eve...Figure 4.7 Event location accuracy versus the total number of seismic statio...Figure
