them for those who share the value of delivering treatment with the intent to maximize the client's outcome.
At the beginning of each chapter, as we launch into the process of offering ideas for treatment interventions for the presenting problem, we have listed one Client Objective along with two associated Therapeutic Interventions that emphasize the critical nature of a therapeutic relationship. These options were derived from the research on empirically supported relationship factors (e.g. Norcross, 2002) and disseminated most recently in Norcross & Lambert (2018) and Norcoross & Wampold (2018). The relationship factors cited are as follows: collaboration with the client regarding the treatment process, agreement on the clear goals and expectations of therapy, demonstration of consistent empathy toward the client's feelings and struggles, verbalization of positive regard toward and affirmation of the client, and the collection and delivery of client feedback based on the client's appraisal of his/her progress in therapy (Norcross & Lambert, 2018; Norcross & Wampold, 2018). The body of research on relationship factors supports the conclusion that establishing a strong therapeutic relationship is necessary to optimize the treatment outcome. Accordingly, any of the other objectives and interventions that are selected to be included in a client's treatment plan should be integrated into and supported by an effective, foundational therapeutic relationship, and speaks to including this Client Objective and two associated Therapeutic Interventions in every treatment plan.
Each of the chapters in this edition has also been reviewed with the goal of integrating homework exercise options into the interventions. Many of the client homework exercise suggestions were taken from and can be found in the Addiction Treatment Homework Planner (Lenz, Finley, & Jongsma, 2014) and the Adult Psychotherapy Homework Planner (Jongsma & Bruce, 2014) along with a few from the Adolescent Psychotherapy Homework Planner (2014). You will find many more homework assignments suggested in this sixth edition of The Addiction Treatment Planner than in previous editions.
The bibliotherapy suggestions listed in Appendix A of this Planner have been significantly expanded and updated from previous editions. The appendix includes many recently published offerings as well as more recent editions of books cited in our earlier editions. All of the self-help books and client workbooks cited in the chapter interventions are listed in this appendix. There are also many additional books listed that are supportive of the treatment approaches described in the respective chapters. Each chapter has a list of self-help books consistent with it listed in this appendix.
In its final report entitled Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America, the president's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health called for recovery to be the “common, recognized outcome of mental health services” (New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003). To define recovery, SAMHSA within the US Department of Health and Human Services and the Interagency Committee on Disability Research in partnership with six other federal agencies convened the National Consensus Conference on Mental Health Recovery and Mental Health Systems Transformation (SAMHSA, 2004). Over 110 expert panelists participated, including mental health consumers, family members, providers, advocates, researchers, academicians, managed care representatives, accreditation bodies, state and local public officials, and others. From these deliberations, the following consensus statement was derived:
Mental health recovery is a journey of healing and transformation for a person with a mental health problem to be able to live a meaningful life in a community of his or her choice while striving to achieve maximum human potential. Recovery is a multifaceted concept based on the following 10 fundamental elements and guiding principles:
Self-direction
Individualized and person-centered
Empowerment
Holistic
Nonlinear
Strengths-based
Peer support
Respect
Responsibility
Hope
These recovery model principles are defined in Appendix C. We have also created a set of Goal, Objective, and Intervention statements that reflect these 10 principles. The clinician who desires to insert into the client treatment plan specific statements reflecting a Recovery Model orientation may choose from this list.
In addition to this list, we believe that many of the Goal, Objective, and Intervention statements found in the chapters reflect a recovery orientation. For example, our assessment interventions are meant to identify how the problem affects this unique client and the strengths that the client brings to the treatment. In addition, an intervention statement such as, “Help the client to see the new hope that addiction treatment brings to the resolution of interpersonal conflicts” from the “Suicidal Ideation” chapter is evidence that recovery model content, such as the principle of hope, permeates items listed throughout our chapters. However, if the clinician desires a more focused set of statements directly related to each principle guiding the recovery model, they can be found in Appendix B.
We have done a bit of reorganizing of chapter content for this edition. We have renamed the “Unipolar Depression” chapter to become “Depression – Unipolar.” A new chapter entitled “Opioid Use Disorder” is returned as a separate chapter due to the epidemic use of this drug that is sweeping the country. “Opioids were involved in 46,802 overdose deaths in 2018 (69.5% of all drug overdose deaths). Two out of three (67.0%) opioid-involved overdose deaths involve synthetic opioids.” (Hedegaard, Miniño, & Warner, 2020; Wilson, Kariisa, Seth, Smith, & Davis, 2020). In recognition of the seriousness of this societal problem we have created a chapter to address this issue.
We have updated the Diagnostic Suggestions section at the end of each chapter by deleting all references to DSM-IV and ICD-9. Since the date for mandatory use of DSM-5 (ICD-10-CM) codes and labels for billing purposes was October 2014, we have removed the transitional content of DSM-IV.
At the end of each chapter's list of objectives and interventions there is a reference to administration of a client satisfaction survey. Appendix D contains resource material for examples of various types of satisfaction assessment instruments.
Lastly, some clinicians have asked that the objective statements in this Planner be written such that the client's attainment of the objective can be measured. We have written our objectives in behavioral terms and many are measurable as written. For example, this objective from the “Anxiety” chapter is one that is measurable as written because it either can be done or it cannot: “Verbalize an understanding of the cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components of anxiety and its treatment.” But at times the statements are too broad to be considered measurable. Consider, for example, this objective from the “Anxiety” chapter: “Identify, challenge, and replace biased, fearful self-talk with positive, realistic, and empowering self-talk.” To make it quantifiable a clinician might modify it to read, “Give two examples of identifying, challenging, and replacing biased, fearful self-talk with positive, realistic, and empowering self-talk.” Clearly, the use of two examples is arbitrary, but it does allow for a quantifiable measurement of the attainment of the objective. Or consider this example reflecting a behavioral activation objective: “Identify and engage in pleasant activities on a daily basis.” To make it more measurable the clinician might simply add a desired target number of pleasant activities, thus: “Identify and report engagement
