based on four‐port coupler and attenuat...Figure 7.18 Illustration of imperfect power circle for complex reflection co...Figure 7.19 Illustration of near intersection power circle for complex refle...Figure 7.20 n + 1 port power combiner.Figure 7.21 n + 1 power divider.Figure 7.22 Equivalent Wilkinson power divider circuit [28].Figure 7.23 Quarter wave transmission line connection in the combiner circui...Figure 7.24 N‐way Wilkinson power divider circuit.Figure 7.25 Four‐port network for an N‐way power divider.Figure 7.26 Even‐mode network for an N‐way divider.Figure 7.27 Odd‐mode network for an N‐way divider.Figure 7.28 Simplified even‐mode network for an N‐way divider.Figure 7.29 Simplified odd‐mode network for an N‐way divider.Figure 7.30 Isolation response versus electrical length for an N‐way divider...Figure 7.31 VSWR response versus electrical length for an N‐way divider.Figure 7.32 Insertion loss response versus electrical length for an N‐way di...Figure 7.33 N‐way Wilkinson power divider circuit with different source impe...Figure 7.34 Four‐port network for an N‐way power divider with different sour...Figure 7.35 Even‐mode network for an N‐way divider with different source imp...Figure 7.36 Odd‐mode network for an N‐way divider with different source impe...Figure 7.37 Isolation response versus electrical length for an N‐way divider...Figure 7.38 Isolation response versus electrical length for an N‐way divider...Figure 7.39 Input VSWR response versus electrical length for an N‐way divide...Figure 7.40 Input VSWR response versus electrical length for an N‐way divide...Figure 7.41 Output VSWR response versus electrical length for an N‐way divid...Figure 7.42 Output VSWR response versus electrical length for an N‐way divid...Figure 7.43 Insertion loss response versus electrical length for an N‐way di...Figure 7.44 Insertion loss response versus electrical length for an N‐way di...Figure 7.45 Simulated eight‐way balanced divider.Figure 7.46 Isolation versus frequency for an eight‐way divider when θ ...Figure 7.47 Isolation versus frequency for an eight‐way divider when θ ...Figure 7.48 Insertion Loss versus frequency for an eight‐way divider when θ...Figure 7.49 Insertion Loss versus frequency for an eight‐way divider when θ...Figure 7.50 The input and output VSWR versus frequency when for θ = 90°...Figure 7.51 The input and output VSWR versus frequency when for θ = 70°...Figure 7.52 Simulated eight‐way unbalanced divider.Figure 7.53 Isolation versus frequency for eight‐way unbalanced divider when...Figure 7.54 Isolation versus frequency for eight‐way unbalanced divider when...Figure 7.55 Insertion loss versus frequency for eight‐way unbalanced divider...Figure 7.56 Insertion loss versus frequency for eight‐way unbalanced divider...Figure 7.57 The input and output VSWR versus frequency when for θ = 90°...Figure 7.58 The input and output VSWR versus frequency when for θ = 70°...Figure 7.59 MATLAB GUI output for an eight‐way balanced divider when θ ...Figure 7.60 MATLAB GUI output for an eight‐way unbalanced divider when θ...Figure 7.61 N‐way combiner circuit.Figure 7.62 Distributed to lumped conversion.Figure 7.63 Transformation from (a) a π network to (b) an L network.Figure 7.64 (a) Two‐line microstrip coupler design for 15 dB coupling using ...Figure 7.65 Simulation results of a two‐line microstrip coupler at 300 MHz f...Figure 7.66 Three‐line microstrip coupler with 2D view.Figure 7.67 Simulation results of a three‐line microstrip coupler at 300 MHz...Figure 7.68 The prototype of a three‐line directional coupler using TMM10 ma...Figure 7.69 Measurement results for three‐line coupler at 300 MHz for coupli...Figure 7.70 MATLAB GUI for transformer coupler design.Figure 7.71 Frequency domain circuit simulator using S parameters.Figure 7.72 Simulated coupling level for a transformer coupler in frequency ...Figure 7.73 Simulated isolation level for a transformer coupler in frequency...Figure 7.74 Simulated directivity level for a transformer coupler in frequen...Figure 7.75 Time domain simulation for a transformer coupler.Figure 7.76 Simulated coupling and isolation levels for a transformer couple...Figure 7.77 Simulated directivity level for a transformer coupler in time do...Figure 7.78 Macros used in PSpice for coupling, isolation, and directivity s...Figure 7.79 Constructed transformer coupler for 27.12 MHz operation.Figure 7.80 Semirigid coax cable used in transformer coupler.Figure 7.81 Measured coupling of a constructed transformer coupler.Figure 7.82 Measured isolation of a constructed transformer coupler.Figure 7.83 Measured input impedance of a constructed transformer coupler.Figure 7.84 Measured isolation and coupling of a constructed transformer cou...Figure 7.85 Measured directivity of a constructed transformer coupler.Figure 7.86 MATLAB GUI output for a three‐way unbalanced combiner when θ...Figure 7.87 Spiral inductor layout.Figure 7.88 Simplified equivalent circuit for spiral inductor without loss f...Figure 7.89 Spiral inductor model is inserted into an L network.Figure 7.90 (a) One‐port measurement network and (b) its impedance plot for ...Figure 7.91 Final form of the lumped‐element distribution circuit with spira...Figure 7.92 Simulation results for the insertion loss between each distribut...Figure 7.93 Simulation results for the isolation between each distribution p...Figure 7.94 Simulated three‐way combiner in planar form using L network topo...Figure 7.95 Simulation results for a three‐way combiner in planar form using...Figure 7.96 Current and near‐field distribution for a three‐way combiner.Figure 7.97 Co‐simulation of a three‐way combiner.Figure 7.98 Simulated planar combining circuitry for a three‐way combiner.Figure 7.99 Spiral inductor that is simulated with method‐of‐moment‐based el...Figure 7.100 Simulated spiral inductor inductance versus frequency.Figure 7.101 Simulated spiral inductor quality factor versus frequency.Figure 7.102 Input VSWR versus frequency for three‐way microstrip combiner....Figure 7.103 Three‐way combiner implemented in planar form using L network t...Figure 7.104 Measurement results for insertion loss of a three‐way combiner ...Figure 7.105 Measurement results for insertion loss of three‐way combiner in...Figure 7.106 Measured combiner port impedance versus frequency.Figure 7.107 Spiral inductor on alumina substrate.Figure 7.108 Measured inductance value of spiral inductor versus frequency....Figure 7.109 Measured insertion loss of spiral inductor versus frequency.Figure 7.110 MATLAB GUI output for a three‐way unbalanced combiner when θ...Figure 7.111 Problem 7.4.Figure 7.112 Problem 7.7.Figure 7.113 Problem 7.9.Figure 7.114 Power divider antenna feeder system.8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Ideal filter characteristics.Figure 8.2 Filter design block diagram.Figure 8.3 Attenuation profiles of a low pass filter.Figure 8.4 Two‐port network representation.Figure 8.5 Transfer function analysis circuits: (a) low pass filter; (b) hig...Figure 8.6 Transfer function analysis circuits: (a) bandpass filter; (b) ban...Figure 8.7 Network analysis of (a) low pass filter and (b) high pass filter....Figure 8.8 Insertion loss for low pass filter when C = 8 pF, R = 100 Ω, and Figure 8.9 Low pass filter simulation when C = 8 pF, R = 100 Ω, and Z o = 50 ...Figure 8.10 Simulated insertion loss for low pass filter when C = 8 pF, R = ...Figure 8.11 Insertion loss for high pass filter when L = 5 nH, R = 5 Ω, and Figure 8.12 Network analysis of (a) bandpass filter and (b) bandstop filter....Figure 8.13 Insertion loss for bandpass filter when L = 6 nH, C = 1 pF, R = ...Figure 8.14 Insertion loss for bandstop filter when L = 2 nH, C = 3 pF, R = ...Figure 8.15 Return loss for bandstop filter when L = 2 nH, C = 3 pF, R = 300...Figure 8.16 Two element low pass prototype circuit.Figure 8.17 Low pass prototype ladder networks (a) 1st element shunt C and (...Figure 8.18 Attenuation curves for binomial filter response for low pass pro...Figure 8.19 Fourth‐order normalized LPF for binomial response.Figure 8.20 Final LPF with binomial response.Figure 8.21 MATLAB results for fourth‐order LPF with binomial response.Figure 8.22 Simulated fourth‐order LPF.Figure 8.23 Simulation results for fourth‐order LPF.Figure 8.24 Attenuation curves for Chebyshev filter response for 0.01 dB rip...Figure 8.25 Attenuation curves for Chebyshev filter response for 0.1 dB ripp...Figure 8.26 Attenuation curves for Chebyshev filter response for 0.5 dB ripp...Figure 8.27 Attenuation curves for Chebyshev filter response for 1 dB ripple...Figure 8.28 Attenuation curves for Chebyshev filter response for 3 dB ripple...Figure 8.29 Fifth‐order normalized LPF for Chebyshev response.Figure 8.30 Final LPF with Chebyshev response.Figure 8.31 Passband ripple response for fifth‐order LPF with Chebyshev filt...Figure 8.32 Attenuation response for fifth‐order LPF with Chebyshev filter r...Figure 8.33 Simulated fifth‐order LPF.Figure 8.34 Simulation results for fifth‐order LPF.Figure 8.35 Input impedance of fifth‐order LPF.Figure 8.36 LPF component to HPF component transformation.Figure
