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Table 3.6 Nanotechnology‐based manufacturing innovations in secondary industry sector.
| S. No. | Manufacturing industries | Opportunities (O) and challenges (C) of green nanotechnology |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Potable water sector | O: Green nanotechnology can be used to convert impure water and seawater into potable water. The nanofilters made by nanomembranes can remove all kinds of water contaminants including turbidity, oil, bacteria, viruses, and organic contaminants from impure water or salt from seawater |
| C: Implementation of nanotechnology‐enabled alternatives systematically using optimum nanomembranes for the conversion of impure water into potable water throughout the world in a fixed timeframe | ||
| 2 | Environment cleaning sector | O: Green nanotechnology products, processes, and applications are capable to clean degraded environments including air cleaning, water cleaning, and sound cleaning and controls climate change by reducing greenhouse gases and hazardous wastes |
| C: Implementation of systematically designed low‐cost renewable energy supported nanotechnology‐based environment purifying system in every country within a fixed timeline | ||
| 3 | Food and food processing sector | O: Use of green nanotechnology in food protection and delivery to targeted sites, improving food flavor, to encapsulate nutrients such as vitamins, adding antibacterial green nanoparticles into food for enhancement of shelf life, sensing the contamination, improving food storage, tracking, training, brand protection, etc. |
| C: Identifying the potential harm of nanomaterials to human beings due to added green nanomaterials to food and food packaging applications | ||
| 4 | Renewable energy sector | O: Use of green nanotechnology for renewable energy generation, transmission, storage, efficient lighting, and energy management systems at low cost |
| C: Identifying optimum nanomaterial for a particular application, reduction of cost toward zero, improving efficiency toward 100%, optimization of storage properties of nanotechnology‐based storage device, etc. | ||
| 5 | Construction industry sector | O: Green nanotechnology allows to improve the properties of construction materials including cement with the addition of nanoparticles will lead to stronger, more durable, self‐healing, air purifying, fire resistant, easy to clean, optimum heat and noise insulation, and quick compacting concrete |
| C: Challenges include unknown environmental, health and safety risks, uncertainty concerning the market, and consumer acceptance | ||
| 6 | Consumer goods industry sector | O: Green nanotechnology has made an impact on fast consumer goods like textile and fabrics, cosmetics and skin cares, sporting goods, cleaning products, furniture, home appliances, etc. in terms of durability, production cost, enhanced features, security, etc. |
| C: Challenges include technology transfer, government approvals, consumer acceptance and awareness, negative propaganda and lobby of existing conventional manufacturers, etc. | ||
| 7 | Automobile industry | O: Green nanotechnology supported lightweight but stronger automobile components, increased performance with long mileage, durable tires, self‐repairing, long‐life batteries, renewable energy through nanopaints, which lead to cleaner, quieter, and more pleasant automobiles |
| C: Commercialization of green nanomaterials, nanocomponents, and nanosystems related to automobiles. Country government support to create awareness among automobile manufacturers and customers | ||
| 8 | Medical equipment and drug synthesis | O: Green nanotechnology supports to revolutionize drug manufacturing, targeted drug delivery, medical diagnostics, regenerative medicines |
| C: Worldwide acceptance of new drugs, treatment procedures, and regulatory practices take time for global usage | ||
| Monitoring side effects and attitudes of medical practitioners also hinder the medical treatments in the health science regime | ||
| 9 | Electrical, electronics, and computer industry sector | O: Green nanotechnology based high speed and miniature‐sized communication devices and computation devices, high‐density memory chips, nano‐sensors, etc. for ubiquitous communication, computation, embedded wearable electronics, and entertainment |
| C: Complexity involved in fabricating nanoelectronics devices and the resistance of many companies to shift from silicon‐based electronics to molecular nanomaterials‐based devices | ||
| 10 | Aerospace and defense sector | O: Green nanotechnology supports miniaturized drones or a swarm of artificial bees to provide additional awareness and visibility. The miniaturized bots equipped with artificial intelligence support give information on the battlefield situations. Hence, GNT with nanosatellites, nano‐battlesuit, nanosensors, nano‐drones, nanosystems planted in human bodies, and nano‐nuclear chemical and biological weapons will give the upper hand in defense and aerospace sector against conventional technologies |
| C: Technology transfer, skilled human resource, huge initial investment, awareness at decision‐making level, procrastination of decisions |
Table 3.7 Nanotechnology‐based service innovations in the tertiary industry sector.
| S. No. | Service industries | Opportunities (O) and challenges (C) of green nanotechnology |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Advertising industry | O: Green nanotechnology provides special effect paints and displays which change their color at different light intensity levels and hence at a different time of the day |
| C: Commercialization of such technology, cost against existing systems/models, and durability are yet to be tested | ||
| 2 |
Education industry
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