Glencoe, 111: Free Press, 1952, 351–355.
13
Vaughn, Caste Systems, 77–79; Sutherland, The Body, 378–380; Okely, The Traveller-Gypsies, 83–85; Axelrod, А Social and Demographic Comparison, 51–54, 61–62.
14
Матфей 15:11.
15
См. в особенности: Sutherland, The Body, and Luhrmann, The Good Parsi, 102; Max Weber. The Sociology of Religion. Boston: Beacon Press, 1963, 109; David Nemeth. Gypsy Taskmasters, Gentile Slaves, in Matt T. Salo, ed. The American Kalderas: Gypsies in the New World. Hackettstown, N. J.: Gypsy Lore Society, North American Chapter, 1981, 29–41.
16
Cм.: Okely, The Traveller-Gypsies, 8–19; and Paul Wexler, The Case for the Relexification Hypothesis in Romani, in Julia Horvath and Paul Wexler, eds. Relexification in Creole and Non-Creole Languages. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1997, 100–161. Очень полезный обзор см. в: Yaron Matras. Para-Romani Revisited, in Yaron Matras. ed. The Romani Element in Non-Standard Speech. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1998, 1–27.
17
Основные аргументы (в указанном порядке) см. в работах: (1) Sarah Grey Thomason and Terrence Kaufman. Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988), 103f; (2) Ian F. Hancock. The Social and Linguistic Development of Angloromani // Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, № 38 (December 1977): 1–42; also Ian F. Hancock. Is Anglo-Romanes a Creole? // Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society 49, № 1–2 (1970): 41–44; (3) Norbert Boretzky and Birgit lgla. Romani Mixed Dialects, in Peter Bakker and Maarten Mous, eds. Mixed Languages: Fifteen Case Studies in Language Intertwining. Amsterdam: IFOTT, 1994, 35–68; and Norbert Boretzky. Der Romani-Wortschatz in den Romani-Misch-Dialekten (Pararomani), in Matras, The Romani Element, 97–132; (4) Peter Bakker and Maarten Mous. Introduction, and Peter Bakker. Michif, The CreeFrench Mixed Language of the Métis Buffalo Hunters in Canada, in Bakker and Mous, Mixed Languages, 1–11 and 13–33; and (5) Jakob Ladefoged. Romani Elements in Non-Standard Scandinavian Varieties, in Matras, The Romani Element, 133–164.
18
Olesen, Peddling in East Afghanistan, 36; Bollig, Ethnic Relations, 204, 214.
19
Casajus, Crafts and Ceremonies, 308–309; Bollig, Ethnic Relations, 214; Hancock, The Social and Linguistic Development, 29; Anthony P. Grant, Shelta: The Secret Language of Irish Travellers Viewed as a Mixed Language, in Bakker and Mous, Mixed Languages, 135–136; R. A. Stewart Macalister. The Secret Languages of Ireland, with Special Reference to the Origin and Nature of the Shelta Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1937, 132.
20
Цитируется в Macalister, The Secret Languages, 134–135.
21
Solomon A. Birnbaum. Yiddish: A Survey and Grammar. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979, 76, 106.
22
Max Weinreich. History of the Yiddish Language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980, 95–124.
23
Paul Wexler. The Ashkenazic Jews: A Slavo-Turkic People in Search of a Jewish Identity. Columbus: Slavica, 1993, 59–60 and passim; Dell Hymes. Introduction, in Dell Hymes, ed. Pidginization and Creolization of Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971, 76, 77–78, 86–87 (цитата взята со с. 86); см. также: Іап F. Hancock. Recovering Pidgin Genesis: Approaches and Problems, in Albert Valdman ed. Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977, 277–294, esp. 289–290, and Ian F. Hancock, Appendix: Repertory of Pidgin and Creole Languages, там же, 385.
24
Birnbaum, Yiddish, 82 and passim; Weinreich, History of the Yiddish Language, 29, 350–351, 599f and passim; Joshua A. Fishman. Yiddish: Turning to Life. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1991, 19–35, 189–201.
25
О категории “смешанных языков” см.: Bakker, Michif, 25–26. Нет сомнения, что с точки зрения грамматического строя и словарного запаса идиш – германский язык; уникальными (среди германских языков) являются история его возникновения и функционирование.
26
Matras, Para-Romani Revisited, 21; Yaron Matras. The Romani Element in German Secret Languages, in Matras, The Romani Element, 193–194; Hancock, “Recovering Pidgin Genesis”, 290.
27
Weinreich, History of the Yiddish Language, 199, 605.
28
Luhrmann, The Good Parsi, 47–59.
29
Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, 168–169.
30
Michael J. Casimir In Search of Guilt: Legends on the Origin of the Peripatetic Niche, in Rao, The Other Nomads, 373–390; Olesen, Peddling in East Afghanistan, 36; Okely, The Traveller-Gypsies, 216.
31
Lancaster and Lancaster, The Function of Peripatetics, 319.
32
Van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon, 143. См. также: Bonacich, А Theory of Middleman Minorities, 586.
33
О “корпоративном родстве” см.: William G. Davis. Social Relations in a Philippine Market: Self-Interest and Subjectivity. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
