21 lekcji na XXI wiek. Yuval Noah Harari

Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу 21 lekcji na XXI wiek - Yuval Noah Harari страница 27

21 lekcji na XXI wiek - Yuval Noah Harari

Скачать книгу

Health Organization [Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia], Global status report on road safety 2015 (2016); idem, Global Health Estimates 2015. Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000–2015, Geneva 2016, http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html (dostęp: 6 września 2017).

18

Na temat badania przyczyn wypadków samochodowych w Stanach Zjednoczonych zob. D.J. Fagnant, K. Kockelman, Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles. Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations, „Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice” 2015, nr 77, s. 167–181; na temat ogólnoświatowego badania zob. np. OECD/ITF, Road Safety Annual Report 2016, Paris 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/irtad-2016-en.

19

K.D. Kusano, H.C. Gabler, Safety Benefits of Forward Collision Warning, Brake Assist, and Autonomous Braking Systems in Rear-End Collisions, „IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems” 2012, nr 13(4), s. 1546–1555; J.M. Anderson et al., Autonomous Vehicle Technology. A Guide for Policymakers, Santa Monica 2014, zwł. s. 13–15; D.J. Fagnant, K. Kockelman, Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles. Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations, „Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice” 2015, nr 77, s. 167–181; J.-F. Bonnefon, A. Shariff, I. Rahwan, Autonomous Vehicles Need Experimental Ethics. Are We Ready for Utilitarian Cars?, „arXiv” 2015, s. 1–15. Na temat wskazówek dotyczących sieci łączących pojazdy, które mają zapobiegać kolizjom, zob. S. Azimi et al., Vehicular Networks for Collision Avoidance at Intersections, „SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems” 2011, nr 4, s. 406–416; S. Kumar et al., CarSpeak. A Content-Centric Network for Autonomous Driving, „SIGCOM Computer Communication Review” 2012, nr 42, s. 259–270; M.L. Sichitiu, M. Kihl, Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems. A Survey, „IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials” 2008, s. 10; M. Gerla, E.-K. Lee, G. Pau, Internet of Vehicles. From Intelligent Grid to Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds, „2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)” 2014, s. 241–246.

20

M. Chui, J. Manyika, M. Miremadi, Where Machines Could Replace Humans – and Where They Can’t (Yet), „McKinsey Quarterly” 2016, http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/where-machines-could-replace-humans-and-where-they-cant-yet (dostęp: 1 marca 2018).

21

W. Youyou, M. Kosinski, D. Stillwell, Computer-based personality judgments are more accurate than those made by humans, „PANS” 2014, vol. 112, s. 1036–1038.

22

S. Dredge, AI and music. Will we be slaves to the algorithm?, „Guardian”, 6 sierpnia 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/06/artificial-intelligence-and-will-we-be-slaves-to-the-algorithm (dostęp: 15 października 2017). Na temat ogólnego badania metod zob. J.D. Fernández, F. Vico, AI Methods in Algorithmic Composition. A Comprehensive Survey, „Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research” 2013, nr 48, s. 513–582.

23

E. Topol, The Patient Will See You Now. The Future of Medicine is in Your Hands, New York 2015; R. Wachter, The Digital Doctor. Hope, Hype and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age, New York 2015; S. Parkin, The Artificially Intelligent Doctor Will Hear You Now, „MIT Technology Review” 2016, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600868/the-artificially-intelligent-doctor-will-hear-you-now/; J. Gallagher, Artificial intelligence „as good as cancer doctors”, BBC, 26 stycznia 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/health-38717928.

24

K. Brannen, Air Force’s lack of drone pilots reaching „crisis” levels, „Foreign Policy”, 15 stycznia 2015, http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/01/15/air-forces-lack-of-drone-pilots-reaching-crisis-levels/.

25

T. Cowen, Average is Over. Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation, New York 2013; B. Bush, How combined human and computer intelligence will redefine jobs, „TechCrunch” 2016, https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/01/how-combined-human-and-computer-intelligence-will-redefine-jobs/.

26

U. Raulff, Farewell to the Horse. The Final Century of Our Relationship, London 2017; G. Clark, A Farewell to Alms. A Brief Economic History of the World, Princeton 2008, s. 286; M. DeMello, Animals and Society. An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies, New York 2012, s. 197; C. McShane, J. Tarr, The Decline of the Urban Horse in American Cities, „Journal of Transport History” 2003, nr 24(2), s. 177–198.

27

L.F. Katz, A.B. Krueger, The Rise and Nature of Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995–2015, „National Bureau of Economic Research” 2016; P.H. Cappelli, J.R. Keller, A Study of the Extent and Potential Causes of Alternative Employment Arrangements, „ILR Review” 2013, nr 66(4), s. 874–901; G.M. Spreitzer, L. Cameron, L. Garrett, Alternative Work Arrangements. Two Images of the New World of Work, „Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior” 2017, nr 4, s. 473–499; S.A. Donovan, D.H. Bradley, J.O. Shimabukuru, What Does the Gig Economy Mean for Workers?, Washington 2016, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44365.pdf (dostęp: 11 lutego 2018); Pew Research Center, More Workers Are in Alternative Employment Arrangements, 28 września 2016, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/the-state-of-american-jobs/st_2016-10-06_jobs-26/ (dostęp: 11 lutego 2018).

28

D. Ferrucci et al., Watson: Beyond „Jeopardy!”, „Artificial Intelligence” 2013, nr 199–200, s. 93–105.

29

Google’s AlphaZero Destroys Stockfish in 100-Game Match, chess.com, 6 grudnia 2017, https://www.chess.com/news/view/google-s-alphazero-destroys-stockfish-in-100-game-match (dostęp: 11 lutego 2018); D. Silver et al., Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm, „arXiv” 2017, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.01815.pdf (dostęp: 2 lutego 2018); zob. również S. Knapton, Entire Human Chess Knowledge Learned and Surpassed by DeepMind’s AlphaZero in Four Hours, „Telegraph”, 6 grudnia 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/12/06/entire-human-chess-knowledge-learned-surpassed-deepminds-alphazero/ (dostęp: 11 lutego 2018).

30

T. Cowen, Average is Over, op. cit.; idem, What are humans still good for? The turning point in freestyle chess may be approaching, 2013, http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2013/11/what-are-humans-still-good-for-the-turning-point-in-freestyle-chess-may-be-approaching.html.

Скачать книгу