Aesthetic Component
37 34 Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) 34.1 Components of PAR 34.2 Assessment of Improvement in PAR 34.3 Who Uses PAR?
38 35 Space Analysis 35.1 Crowding 35.2 Incisor Antero‐posterior Change 35.3 Levelling Occlusal Curves 35.4 Arch Expansion 35.5 Creating Space
39 36 Cleft Lip and Palate 36.1 Prevalence of Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate 36.2 Prevalence of Isolated Cleft Palate 36.3 Syndromes Associated with Isolated Cleft Palate 36.4 Aetiology 36.5 Development of CLP 36.6 Classifications of CLP 36.7 Clinical Problems in CLP 36.8 CLP Team 36.9 Management of CLP 36.10 Orthodontic Implications of CLP
40 37 Orthognathic Surgery 37.1 Definitions 37.2 Indications for Treatment 37.3 Radiographs 37.4 Surgical Procedures 37.5 Sequence of Treatment 37.6 Risks and Benefits
41 38 Retention and Stability 38.1 Definitions 38.2 Aetiology of Relapse 38.3 How Common Is Relapse? 38.4 Informed Consent for Retention 38.5 Retainers 38.6 Removable Retainers 38.7 Fixed Retainers 38.8 Care of Removable and Fixed Retainers 38.9 Enhancing Stability 38.10 Types of Tooth Movement to Be Retained 38.11 General Advice on Retention 38.12 Five Key Points 38.13 Outcome and Follow‐Up After Debonding
42 39 Interceptive Treatment 39.1 Definition 39.2 Clinical Interceptive Situations: Early Mixed Dentition 39.3 Clinical Situations: Late Mixed Dentition 39.4 Clinical Situations: Early Permanent Dentition 39.5 Serial Extractions
43 40 Adult Orthodontics 40.1 Reasons for Adult Orthodontics 40.2 Differences in Treating Adult Patients 40.3 Aesthetic Appliances
44 41 Orthodontic Materials 41.1 Etch 41.2 Adhesives 41.3 Bonding onto Fillings, Crowns, and Veneers
45 42 Archwire Ligation 42.1 Definition of Archwire Ligation 42.2 Properties of an Ideal Ligation System 42.3 Methods of Ligation
46 43 Risks and Benefits of Orthodontic Treatment 43.1 Risks of Orthodontic Treatment 43.2 Benefits of Orthodontic Treatment
47 44 Oral Hygiene 44.1 Oral Hygiene: Pre‐treatment 44.2 Clinical Features for Good and Bad Oral Hygiene 44.3 Procedure with Patients Presenting with Bad Oral Hygiene 44.4 Procedure with Patients Who Have Improvement in Oral Hygiene 44.5 Oral Hygiene Advice Given at the Fit Appointment 44.6 Preventing Decalcification 44.7 Oral Hygiene Instructions for Appliances
