39Table 39.1. Characterization of the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins.Table 39.2. Bleeding felines and decision making using the abdominal fluid sc...Table 39.3. Quick reference of normals and rules of thumb.24 Chapter 40Table 40.1. Ultrasound reference rangesa (some values may vary based on weight a...
25 Chapter 41Table 41.1. Performing AFAST on dolphins.
26 Chapter 42Table 42.1. Reptile body positioning for POCUS (Hochleithner and Holland 2014...Table 42.2. Transducer (probe) recommendations for reptile species (Hochleith...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. The premise of FAST ultrasound – anechoic triangulations are abn...Figure 1.2. The figure shows the ultrasound differences in B‐mode gray scale...Figure 1.3. This figure is similar to Figure 1.2 but with some of the gray s...Figure 1.4. This figure is unlabeled and labeled for contrast of what tissue...Figure 1.5. Ultrasound and different tissues and elements. Schematic that ti...Figure 1.6. Longitudinal (sagittal) planes and orientation. Make the screen ...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Velocity (m/sec) of sound through common body tissues or substan...Figure 2.2. Acoustic impedance (106 kg/m2sec) of common body tissues or subs...Figure 2.3. Attenuation (db/cm/MHz) in common tissues. Attenuation of sound ...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Dirty and clean shadowing. (A) "Dirty shadowing" created by air,...Figure 3.2. Edge shadowing artifact. (A) An edge shadowing artifact is seen ...Figure 3.3. Acoustic enhancement artifact. Because there is less attenuation...Figure 3.4. Mirror artifact. The gallbladder appearing to be on both sides o...Figure 3.5. Reverberation artifact. (A) Reverberation artifact, also known a...Figure 3.6. Pseudo B‐lines. The B‐line artifact begins at the lung's p...Figure 3.7. Sediment versus side‐lobe and slice‐thickness artifact....
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Longitudinal and transverse orientation shown on anatomical plan...Figure 4.2. Examples of image planes for the kidney. In (A) the kidney is sh...Figure 4.3. Standard ultrasound screen orientation, longitudinal (sagittal) ...Figure 4.4. Electronic ultrasound probes and their characteristic B‐mode ima...Figure 4.5. Angle of insonation. The angle at which the ultrasound beams str...Figure 4.6. Rocking. The position of the probe is not moved on the patient a...Figure 4.7. Fanning. The position of the probe is not moved on the patient a...Figure 4.8. Rotating. The probe remains on the same focal point of the patie...Figure 4.9. Sliding. The probe is moved across the body in the longitudinal ...Figure 4.10. Sweeping. The probe is moved across the body in the transverse ...Figure 4.11. Pressure/Compression. Neither the probe position on the body ...Figure 4.12. Labeling the image. The same image in (A) and (B) of a liver ma...Figure 4.13. Probe head damage. The damage to the surface of this probe was ...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Wet and part the hair. In (A) the area is wetted without parting...Figure 5.2. Air trapping. In (A) the probe head is placed on a wetted mat of...Figure 5.3. Best practice is the head of the patient and machine in the same...Figure 5.4. The helper hand and probe hand make a difference. In (A) the hel...Figure 5.5. Anatomy generally better recognized in longitudinal (sagittal) o...Figure 5.6. Short‐axis and long‐axis lines for echo views. If on...Figure 5.7. V trough your patient with your nonprobe helper hand. Your nonpr...Figure 5.8. When extending the foreleg, don’t touch the paw! Gently extend t...Figure 5.9. “Kickstand” your probe hand to prevent drifting. Hav...Figure 5.10. Paying attention to the direction of the beam. If the sonograph...Figure 5.11. Be aware of the probe marker. Every probe has a marker or notch...Figure 5.12. Focus cursor and depth. In (A) there are four focus cursors (up...Figure 5.13. Depth setting and the centimeter scale. The image is the same a...Figure 5.14. Splenic mass and estimating size from the centimeter scale. The...Figure 5.15. An algorithm for trouble shooting image acquisition with some c...Figure 5.16. Time gain compensation (sliders) and the overall gain (wheel). ...Figure 5.17. Slice‐thickness artifact at the AFAST CC view. (A) and (B...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. AFAST on a dog in right and left lateral recumbency. In (A) AFAS...Figure 6.2. AFAST and its five views performed in right lateral recumbency i...Figure 6.3. AFAST and its five views performed in left lateral recumbency in...Figure 6.4. Modified lateral‐sternal recumbency. The AFAST views are p...Figure 6.5. Never
