Clinical Guide to Oral Diseases. Crispian Scully

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body in the antrum is usually seen only in one antrum and is often associated with head trauma during surgical or patients' manipulations.

      Q2 Which is the major complication of an untreated chronic sinusitis for patient’s life?

      1 Infections of surrounding bone or soft tissues

      2 Vision problems

      3 Loss of smell and/or taste

      4 Meningitis

      5 Increased risk of sinus malignancy

       Answers:

      1 No

      2 No

      3 No

      4 Meningitis is very rare, but is the most dangerous complication and caused by the extension of the antral infection to the fluid that surrounds the brain.

      5 No

      Comments: Uncontrolled infection of the maxillary antrum spreads to the adjacent soft tissues or to the bone causing cellulitis or osteomyelitis respectively. In some cases, infections of the olfactory and optic nerve cause partial or total smell or even vision problems. However, none of the above complications jeopardize the patient's life.

      Q3 Which other cause(s) apart from chronic sinusitis is/are not associated with post‐nasal discharge?

      1 Allergic rhinitis

      2 Acute sinusitis

      3 Cold or flu infection

      4 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

      5 Medications

       Answers:

      1 No

      2 No

      3 No

      4 Gastroesophageal reflux is characterized by acid fluid reflux from the stomach to the throat, leaving the patient with a sense of a lump or post‐nasal sour secretion.

      5 No

      Comments: Allergic rhinitis, acute sinusitis and flu are characterized by increased production of mucus from the glands of the nose or antra, giving the sense of accumulation of fluid in the throat. Rarely, drugs such as anti‐hypertensives and birth control drugs cause an increased thin clear secretion dropping from the back of nose.

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