of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Self‐renewing hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into lympho...Figure 1.2. Clonal selection theory of B cells leading to antibody formation...Figure 1.3. Typical antibody molecule composed of two heavy (H) and two ligh...Figure 1.4. Antigen receptors expressed as transmembrane molecules on B and ...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Lymphoid fluid draining interstitial spaces.Figure 2.2. Distribution of lymphoid tissues in the body.Figure 2.3. (A) Cellular organization of the thymus.(B) Section of an ad...Figure 2.4. (A) Overall and section views of the spleen. (B) Section of sple...Figure 2.5. (A) Section of lymph node. Arrows show flow of lymph and lymphoc...Figure 2.6. Cells derived from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) include in...Figure 2.7. Antibody molecule showing transmembrane portion traversing the B...Figure 2.8. B cell with BCR complex consisting of the four‐chain immunoglobu...Figure 2.9. T‐cell‐dependent antigen activation of B cells. The antigen stim...Figure 2.10. The TCR/CD3 complex. The α and β chains of the TCR are associat...Figure 2.11. CTL killing of target cells. CTLs interact in a cognate fashion...Figure 2.12. Cytokine‐promoted differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into THFigure 2.13. Scanning electron micrograph of macrophage with ruffled membran...Figure 2.14. Circulation of lymph and fate of antigen following penetration ...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Skin and other epithelial barriers to infection. In addition to ...Figure 3.2. Innate lymphoid cells. ILCs are derived from precursor cells tha...Figure 3.3. NK cell inhibitory receptors and killing.Figure 3.4. Comparison of specificity and cellular distribution of receptors...Figure 3.5. Pattern‐recognition receptors called TLRs binding to molecules w...Figure 3.6. Binding of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to the...Figure 3.7. The three complement activation pathways: classical, alternative...Figure 3.8. Endocytosis and phagocytosis by phagocytes.Figure 3.9. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium leads to their adhesion, activ...Figure 3.10. The acute phase response stimulated by cytokines produced by in...Figure 3.11. Adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte tethering, rolling, an...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Summary of classical, lectin, and alternative complement activat...Figure 4.2. Early steps in activation of classical, lectin, and alternative ...Figure 4.3. Cleavage of C3 by C3 convertase and C5 by C5 convertase. (A) Cla...Figure 4.4. Formation of membrane attack complex (MAC). Late‐stage complemen...Figure 4.5. Regulators of C3 convertases in (A) classical pathway and (B) al...Figure 4.6. Major functions of complement: (A) production of opsonins; (B) p...Figure 4.7. Other key functions of complement: enhancement of B‐cell respons...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Levels of protein organizational structure. The primary structur...Figure 5.2. The quarternary structure of proteins results from the associati...Figure 5.3. Example of antigen (sperm whale myoglobin) containing five linea...Figure 5.4. Antigen showing amino acid residues (circles), which form a nons...Figure 5.5. Structure of a MHC class I molecule (ribbon diagram) with antige...Figure 5.6. Some possible antigenic structures containing single and multipl...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Electrophoretic mobility of serum proteins obtained from a normal...Figure 6.2 Proteolytic digestion of immunoglobulin using papain and pepsin....Figure 6.3 Schematic representation of an immunoglobulin molecule showing im...Figure 6.4 Variability of amino acids representing the N‐terminal residues o...Figure 6.5 A schematic representation of the complementarity between an epit...Figure 6.6 A representation of how an antibody of a given specificity (Ab) c...Figure 6.7 Two anti‐idiotypic antibodies to Ab1. (A) The anti‐idiotypic anti...Figure 6.8 Different types of immunoglobulin variation.Figure 6.9 Structures of the five major classes of secreted antibody. Light ...Figure 6.10 Recycling of IgG utilizing the protector receptor (FcRp). Circul...Figure 6.11 A diagrammatic representation of phagocytosis of a particle coat...Figure 6.12 The kinetics of an antibody response.Figure 6.13 Transcytosis of dimeric IgA across epithelia. Plasma cells in cl...Figure 6.14 Representative members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The im...Figure 6.15 Reactions between antibody or
