Identifies candidate gRNA target sites with reduced off‐target quality
Several plant species have been edited using CRISPR/Cas system, including rice, wheat (Shan et al. 2013b; Upadhyay et al. 2013), sorghum (Jiang et al. 2013), tobacco (Li et al. 2013), Arabidopsis (Fauser et al. 2014; Feng et al. 2014; Li et al. 2013), Brassica napus (Kang et al. 2018), watermelon (Tian et al. 2018), etc. (Table 1.2). Moreover, dCas9 can be fused with various epigenetic regulatory factors which can modulate DNA acetylation/methylation, post‐ translational histone modification, ubiquitination and protein sumoylation and phosphorylation to carry out epigenetic modifications (Shrestha et al. 2018; Yamamuro et al. 2016). This has been more recently explored in Arabidopsis for demethylation (Gallego‐Bartolomé et al. 2018).
Table 1.2 List of examples of genes edited by CRISPR Cas system in various plant species.
| Plant system | Gene | Description of Experiment | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | GSS21/2 | Host adaptation against P. xylostella | Chen et al. (2020) |
| Rice | EPFL9 | a positive regulator of stomatal development | Yin et al. (2017) |
| OsDEP1 OsROC5 OsPDS | Carotenoid biosynthesis, leaf morphology | Tang and Tang (2017) | |
| OsDL and OsALS | loss of midrib in the leaf blade | Endo et al. (2016) | |
| OsPDS, OsBEL | Herbicide resistant and Nutritional improvement | Xu et al. (2017) | |
| OsRLK, OsBEL | receptor‐like kinases | Wang et al. (2017) | |
| OsPDS OsDL | Herbicide resistant and loss of midrib in the leaf blade | Tang et al. (2019) | |
| OsERF922 | Enhanced resistance to blast disease | Wang et al. (2016) | |
| GW2, GW5, and TGW6 | Improvement of grain weight | Xu et al. (2016) | |
| ALS | Enhanced herbicide resistance | Sun et al. (2016) | |
| SBEIIb and SBEI | Generation of high amylose rice | Sun et al. (2017) | |
| Hd 2, Hd 4, and Hd 5 | Early maturity of rice varieties | Li et al. (2017) | |
| OsMATL | Induction of haploid plants | Yao et al. (2018) | |
| ALS |
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