and adhesion force as well as root-mean-squar...Figure 8.10 Topography and non-contact mode (NCM) phase images of the various co...9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Interaction between the incoming primary ion and immediate vicinity o...Figure 9.2 Illustration of two depth resolution parameters.Figure 9.3 TOF-SIMS depth-profile of a dried aqueous system with a surfactant on...Figure 9.4 TOF-SIMS depth-profile of a dried aqueous system without a surfactant...Figure 9.5 TOF-SIMS depth-profile of a dried non-aqueous system without a surfac...Figure 9.6 TOF-SIMS depth-profile of a dried thin film deposited on a polystyren...Figure 9.7 TOF-SIMS depth-profile of a dried thin film deposited on a polystyren...Figure 9.8 Analysis of lastingness of the crosslinked two-layer Si-X material ag...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Main facial cosmetic treatments.Figure 10.2 Evaluation scheme for the interfacial compatibility between peel and...Figure 10.3 Contact angles on a rubber plate of (a) acacia honey, (b) rice syrup...Figure 10.4 Relationship between CA and WVP with increasing concentration of MMT...Figure 10.5 GC/FID spectrum of a sample of lavander oil (Adapted from [18]).Figure 10.6 Typical acne inflammation.Figure 10.7 Face skin edema.Figure 10.8 Facial eczema (a) and psoriasis (b).Figure 10.9 Contact angles for some modified clays where (a) Contact angle image...Figure 10.10 Contact angle results for zwitterionic, nonionic and anionic surfac...Figure 10.11 Characterization of the surface free energy (SFE: mJ/m2) of face ma...Figure 10.12 Proposed experimental method for (a) characterization of the surfac...Figure 10.13 Proposed experimental method for (a) characterization of the surfac...Figure 10.14 Scheme of mascara preparation method proposed by Atis et al. [30].Figure 10.15 TGA analysis of a sample of mascara with degradation temperatrures ...Figure 10.16 Proposed experimental method for (a) characterization of the surfac...Figure 10.17 Proposed experimental procedure for optimization of the production ...Figure 10.18 Proposed experimental approach for (a) determination of the apparen...Figure 10.19 Determination of the quality of lipstick layers, indicated with S1 ...Figure 10.20 Proposed experimental approach for (a) characterization of the surf...Figure 10.21 Tocopherol (T) and tocopherol acetate (TA) peaks using Agilent RP–C...Figure 10.22 Typical liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) c...Figure 10.23 Characterization of oleuropein by High Performance Thin-Layer Chrom...Figure 10.24 Contact angles of non-ionic surfactants on glass and Teflon solid s...Figure 10.25 Correlation degrees between Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) an...Figure 10.26 Correlation degrees between Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) an...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Instability of a thick liquid film on a fiber surface. PD is the dis...Figure 11.2 An axially symmetric unduloid of a liquid (hexadecane, Θ = 0°) on a ...Figure 11.3 Quadrant profile of the droplet from Figure 11.2. Droplet informatio...Figure 11.4 Clamshell type of unduloids formed on a fiber by a poorly wetting li...Figure 11.5 Hexadecane droplets (1µl) on stainless steel wires of (top-bottom) 5...Figure 11.6 Schematic diagram of the PC-based imaging system.Figure 11.7 (a) Liquid film on a synthetic fiber that undergoes Rayleigh instabi...Figure 11.8 Holding spray on one hair with a load of 1 g showing two droplets co...Figure 11.9 Spray on two parallel hairs with a load of 10 g showing droplet coal...Figure 11.10 Spray on two crossing hairs at a low (a) and 90° (b) angle with a l...Figure 11.11 Spray on three crossing hairs with a load of 10 g. Fibers remain fi...Figure 11.12 Holding spray on a bleached hair. Load = 10 g. We can see droplet c...Figure 11.13 Holding spray on two bleached hair fibers running parallel to each ...Figure 11.14 Holding spray on two bleached hair fibers crossing at an 8° angle. ...Figure 11.15 Holding spray on two bleached hair fibers crossing at a 35° angle. ...Figure 11.16 Shine spray on a bleached hair. Load = 20 g. The surface free energ...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Contact angle of water droplet on polyester application substrate. A...Figure 12.2 Example of foundation transfer on white fabric (Left) and correspond...Figure 12.3 (Top) Mean water contact angle values for polyester substrate and fo...Figure 12.4 Mean water contact angle values for bio skin substrate and foundatio...Figure 12.5 (Top) Transfer values for foundations films on polyester substrate w...Figure 12.6 (Top) Transfer values for foundations films on polyester substrate w...Figure 12.7 Comparison of the effect of transfer medium on transfer of the four ...Figure 12.8 Transfer values for foundations films on bio skin substrate with art...Figure 12.9 Transfer values for foundations films on bio skin substrate with art...Figure 12.10 Comparison of the effect of medium on the transfer of foundation pr...Figure 12.11 Analysis of shade effect (light and dark shade) for FD1 and FD3 on ...Figure 12.12 Foundation swatches applied to forearm. Image taken after transfer ...Figure 12.13 In vivo transfer values after 4 hr. wear period.Figure 12.14 Comparison for application to polyester substrate with sweat and se...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Typical Scanning Electron Microscopy images of a dyed hair fiber nea...Figure 13.2 (a) Schematic representation of the capillary fiber. (b) Schematic r...Figure 13.3 FT-IR spectra for black hair fibers after oxidation with H2O2 for di...Figure 13.4 Loss of lipid layer during damaging process of hair surface.Figure 13.5 AFM images of the standard white hair: (a) virgin fiber and the corr...Figure 13.6 Denaturation temperature of natural and oxidized black hair. N0 and ...Figure 13.7 ζ-Potential of SDS-polyquaternium 6 (PDAC) mixtures as a function of...Figure 13.8 Binding isotherms for surfactants on Polyquaternium 6 as a function ...Figure 13.9 SLES concentration dependence of μe for Polyquaternium 6 – SLMT mixt...Figure 13.10 Schematic representation of the phase diagram of an arbitrary polye...Figure 13.11 Schematic representation of the aggregation of polyelectrolyte-surf...Figure 13.12 Dependences of the thickness and adsorbed amount on the surfactant ...Figure 13.13 AFM images and their corresponding height profiles for Polyquaterni...Figure 13.14 (a) Acoustical thickness dependence on the dilution factor for the ...Figure 13.15 Illustration of the computational strategy. (a) The adsorption syst...Figure 13.16 Aggregation numbers of the surfactant gp (left ordinate) and polym...Figure 13.17 Radial volume fraction profiles for PQ6-surfactant composite system...Figure 13.18 Left: Binding isotherms for PQ6-mRL(C10 and C14) as PQ6 amount is i...Figure 13.19 Ratio of adsorbed amount of surfactants and polymers for (a) PQ6-AP...Figure 13.20 Volume fraction profiles of PQ6 and, inset, surfactants for the dif...Figure 13.21 Average height 〈H〉 of each species in the deposits and for all bina...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Chromatogram for the molecular weight distribution of NAD – 1.Figure 14.2 Particle size distribution for NAD – 1.Figure 14.3 DMA Thermal scan showing storage modulus E’, loss modulus E’’ and da...Figure 14.4 Tan(δ) as function of temperature for the 3 non-aqueous dispersions.Figure 14.5 Tensile stress as a function of elongation for 3 NADs of poly(acryla...Figure 14.6 TEM images of particle deposition on EM grids from NAD – 3 sample. M...Figure 14.7 TEM image of NAD - 3 particles. Automatic thresholding of particle c...Figure 14.8 TEM images of NAD – 2 sample without acrylic acid at two magnificati...Figure 14.9 TEM images of NAD – 1 sample (without acrylic acid) at two magnifica...Figure 14.10 Top: 5 µm × 5 µm surface topography images acquired with atomic for...Figure 14.11 Top: 5 µm × 5 µm surface elastic modulus images acquired with atomi...Figure 14.12 Top: 5 µm × 5 µm surface adhesion force images acquired with atomic...Figure 14.13 Water Contact Angles of NAD films at 10 s (left) and 120 s (right).Figure 14.14 Contact angles of artificial sebum droplets on 3 NAD films deposite...Figure 14.15 (a) Evaluation of olive oil (left) and water (right) resistances on...Figure 14.16 In-vivo evaluation of formulations containing NAD - 1 and NAD - 2.Figure 14.17 (a) Monomers and (b) Reaction Scheme for non-aqueous dispersion, NA...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 (a) Visual appearance and (b) TEM picture of iron oxides (red) C.I.:...Figure 15.2 (a) Visual appearance and (b) TEM picture of iron oxides (yellow).Figure 15.3 (a) Visual appearance and (b) TEM picture of iron oxides (black).Figure 15.4 Chemical structures (top panel) and photographs (bottom panel) ofFigure 15.5 The 3 fundamental steps of pigment dispersion.Figure 15.6 Generic metal oxide or organic pigment.Figure 15.7 Use of dispersants and steric or charge repulsions to stabilize pigm...Figure 15.8 Effect of glyceryl caprylate on dispersions of iron oxides in a lips...Figure 15.9 Compatibility studies of surface treated yellow iron oxides with mul...Figure 15.10 (a) Hegman gauge test on yellow iron oxides dispersion, (b) drawdow...Figure 15.11 SEM images of (a) Agglomerates of Aerosil 200 particles, (b) Aggreg...Figure 15.12 Functionalization/surface treatment of pyrogenated
