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| Date | Event |
| 2016, July 12 | The PRC rejects the Arbitral Tribunal ruling and considers it void |
| 2016, July 12 | The final award of the South China Sea arbitration case (Republic of the Philippines vs. People’s Republic of China – PCA Case No 2013–19) is published. Therein, the Arbitral Tribunal concludes that China has no legal basis to claim historic rights to resources in SCS waters and rejects China’s claims to historically exercised exclusive control over SCS waters, maritime features and resources therein. |
| 2016, July 8 | Perfecto Yasay Jr., Philippine Foreign Secretary, announces that the Philippines is willing to share the natural resources of West Philippine Sea with China (even if it is going to ‘win’ the legal challenge against China) and to start ‘direct talks’ with China. |
| 2016, March 14 | Beijing announces that it will set up an International Maritime Judicial Center similar to the United Nations Convention on the [71] Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in order to help protect every country’s sea rights. |
| 2016, May 9 | Rodrigo Duterte wins the 16th Philippine presidential elections. |
| 2015, November 14 | Indonesia declares its intention to file a case against China’s claims over Natuna Islands. |
| 2015, November | Three significant regional summits discussing SCS issues: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Manila, Philippines; ASEAN summit in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and East Asia summit, also in Kuala Lumpur. Further steps toward a binding code of conduct are taken. |
| 2015, October 27 | First U.S. freedom of navigation operation (FONOP) in SCS waters. |
| 2015, July 7 | Hearings of the pending Philippines v. China case. They are attended by observers from Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia. In the hearings, Albert del Rosario, Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs, outlines the general case against China, highlights that the Philippines recognizes that the Tribunal cannot rule on issues of sovereignty, and argues that his country is instead demanding an outcome that rejects China’s nine-dash-line claim and the historic rights reasoning. Likewise, Rosario states that past attempts of bilateral negotiations between China and the Philippines have failed, forcing the Philippines to initiate arbitration procedures. (Philippine Gvt., 2015a). |
| Since 2015 | The Philippines launches a series of civilian and military infrastructure projects on SCS features. |
| 2014,December 7 | PRC Foreign Ministry publishes the ‘Position Paper of the Government of the PRC on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration Initiated by the Republic of the Philippines’. This paper argues that the Tribunal lacks the jurisdiction to rule on this case. Hence, China adheres to a position of neither accepting nor participating in these proceedings. |
| 2014,May | Oil rig HD-981 incident. Following China’s set-up of an oil rig in disputed waters, Vietnamese naval ships and Chinese vessels collide in the South China Sea (at least one Vietnamese ship sinks). The ASEAN express ‘serious concern’ and call for ‘self-restraint’. In mid-July, China evacuates the rig. |
| 2014, March 30 | The Philippines submits its memorial (legal analysis and evidence) against China over competing SCS claims to the Arbitral Tribunal in The Hague. |
| 2014,March 9–29 | Ren’ai Reef (Second Thomas Shoal/Spratlys) standoff between PRC military and paramilitary vessels and the Philippine navy. |
| 2014 | Vietnam starts to conduct (moderate) island construction activities in the SCS. |
| 2014 | China launches a series of island construction and land reclamation activities in the SCS. It begins with the transformation of Mischief Reef (Spratlys) into an artificial island. In 2016, island building measures extend to the North Island and [72] Tree Island (Paracels) as well as Fiery Cross Reef (Spratlys) and Duncan Island (Paracels). |
| 2013, August 1 | The PRC files a note verbale clarifying that rejects the arbitration initiated by the Philippines and, thus, will not participate in the proceedings. |
| 2013, February 19 | The PRC files a note verbale rejecting the Philippine claims set out in the Notification and Statement of Claim. In addition, it requests the Philippines to resolve the dispute through bilateral negotiations instead. The Arbitral Tribunal, the PRC clarifies, lacks jurisdiction in the given case. |
| 2013, January 22 | The Philippines institutes arbitral proceedings against China under Annex VII to UNCLOS and, in its ‘Notification and Statement of Claim’ summarizes its grievances and calls for a ruling. |
| 2012, April–June | The U.S. and the Philippines jointly conduct military exercises in the SCS. |
| 2012, April 8 | Scarborough Shoal incident: The Philippine navy spots eight Chinese fishing vessels at Scarborough Shoal and seeks to apprehend Chinese fishermen accused of illegal fishing. While this attempt is forestalled by the Chinese PLA, the situation quickly turns into a military standoff between military vessels and surveillance ships from both countries. On June 5, 2012, both governments agree to withdraw their vessels from Scarborough Shoal respectively. |
| 2011, November 17 | U.S. President Obama proclaims the ‘U.S. pivot to Asia’. |
| 2011, June | The Vietnamese navy conducts two maritime exercises in the SCS. |
| 2011, March 2 | Standoff between a Philippine seismic survey boat and a Chinese maritime surveillance vessel at Reed Bank. |
| 2009, June | A Chinese submarine collides with a U.S. military vessels’ sonar sensor off the Philippine coast. |
| 2009, May 7 | The PRC submits a note verbale to the U.N. in which it proclaims indisputable sovereignty over the islands in the South China Sea and its adjacent waters. In addition, it attaches a nine-dash-line map. |
| 2009, May 3 | The official deadline for states to file seabed hydrocarbon claims (extended continental shelf) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. |
| 2005, March |
National oil companies of China,
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