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href="#ulink_b3e7772c-3f55-5d72-ac1b-1e36b7e79e99">The Achaemenid Presence on the Arabian Islands
The Persian Gulf as a Maritime Highway for the Transmission of Knowledge
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 38: The Arabian World
Arabia
The Qedarite Kingdom
The Borders of Arabia
Arabs in Persian Sources
The Oasis of Taymāʼ During the Achaemenid Period by Arnulf Hausleiter
Conclusion
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 39: Egypt
Conquest
Rule and Insurrections
The Struggle for Keeping Independence
The Second Persian Rule
Later Reflections on Persian Rule
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 40: Nubia
Nubia
Archeological and Written Evidence in Nubia 525–330 BCE
Interaction Between Nubia and Achaemenid Persia
Conclusion
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 41: The Cyrenaica
Introductory Remarks
Cyrenaica Before the Persian Conquest
Persian Rule Over the Cyrenaica
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 42: The Levant
The Levant and the Persian Empire
People of the Levant
Competitors and Allies
The Levant in the Satrapy “Trans‐Euphrates”
The Phoenician City‐States
The Landlocked Provinces
Trade and Products
The Levantine Contributions to the Persian Army
Change of Rule
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 43: Asia Minor
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 44: Cyprus and the Mediterranean
Sources
Political Events and Situations
The Island, Its Economy, People, and Political Structure
Greeks and Phoenicians in Cyprus: A Peculiar Discussion
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 45: The Greek World
Traditional Interpretations and Source Issues
Greeks, Lydians, and Persians in Asia Minor – The Problem of the “Vassal‐Tyrants”
The Ionian Revolt
The Reorganization of Persian Rule After the Ionian Revolt and the Problem of Darius I's Reforms
The So‐called Persian Wars and the Delian League
The Consequences of the Peloponnesian War – Greeks and Persians at the Beginning of the Fourth Century BCE
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 46: Macedonia
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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 47: Thrace
Achievements in European Thrace Predating Darius' Scythian Campaign
Darius' Scythian Campaign (513/12 BCE)
Megabazus' Undertakings in Thrace (c. 512–499 BCE)
The Ionian Revolt (499–493 BCE)
A New Persian Offensive (493–490 BCE) and the Consequences of Marathon
Xerxes' Expedition Against Greece: Preparation, Start, and Failure, Followed by Persian Retreat (484/3–478 BCE)
Persia and Thrace after the Founding of the Delian League (c. 477–c. 465 BCE)
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