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FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 48: The Northern Black Sea
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 49: The Caucasus Region
The History of the Caucasus Region According to Primary and Secondary Sources
Archeological Evidence for Persian Rule
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 50: The Nomads of the Steppes
Nomads and Nomadism: Ancient Sources vs. Modern Definitions
The Steppe Region: Nomads and Sedentaries in Contact
Campaigns of Achaemenid Kings in the Steppe Region and the Localization of the Saka Provinces
Fragments of Information on the History and Administration of the Steppe Area During Achaemenid Times
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 51: The Iranian East
Environment
Problem of Sources
The Establishment of Achaemenid Rule in Eastern Iran
Eastern Iran and the Accession of Darius I
Achaemenid Rule in the Iranian East During the Reigns of Darius I and Xerxes I
The Iranian East from Artaxerxes I to Darius III
The End of Achaemenid Rule in the Iranian East
Regional Overview
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 52: India
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
SECTION V: STRUCTURES AND COMMUNICATION
chapter 53: Roads and Communication
Introduction: The Sources
Development and Extension of the Road Network
The Network of Royal Roads: The Textual Record
Royal and Ancillary Roads
The Institutional Perspective: Persis, Bactria, Palestine, and Egypt
Archeological Evidence
Means of Communication
Communication and Connectivity
The Extent and the Borders of the Known World
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 54: The Interplay of Languages and Communication
Mixing of Populations, Mixing of Languages
The Art of Translation
Conclusion
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 55: Achaemenid Art – Art in the Achaemenid Empire
Summary
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 56: Seals and Sealing
Introduction
The Evidence
Persepolis
Susa
Daskyleion
Memphis
Correspondence of Aršāma
Unprovenanced Clay “Tags”
Wadi ed‐Daliyeh, Samaria
Babylonia
Ur
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 57: Royal Coinage
Introduction: Coins in Context
Lydia: From the Cradle of Coinage to the Coinage of an Empire
Iran: Coining and Communicating an Imperial Ideology
Greece: From Persepolis to the Parthenon
Conclusion
REFERENCES
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 58: Empire, Borders, and Ideology
