other activities. People on media, such as Twitter, Facebook or blogs, share their health records, medication history and personal views. For social media resources to be useful, noise must be filtered out and only the important content must be captured excluding the irrelevant data, depending on the similarities to the social media. However, even after filtering the content, it may contain irrelevant information, so the information should be prioritized based on its estimated importance. Importance can be estimated with the help of three factors: media focus (MF), user attention (UA) and user interaction (UI). In the first factor, media focus is the temporal popularity of that topic in the news. In the second factor, the temporal popularity of a topic on twitter indicates its user attention. In the third factor, the interaction between the social media users on a topic is referred to as the user interaction. It indicates the strength of a topic in social media. Hence, these three factors form the basis of ranking news topics and thus improve the quality and variety of ranked news.
In Chapter 6, “Bioinformatics: An Important Tool in Oncology” Gaganpreet Kaur, Saurabh Gupta, Gagandeep Kaur, Manju Verma and Pawandeep Kaur provide an analysis of comprehensive details of the beginning, development and future perspectives of bioinformatics in the field of oncology.
In Chapter 7, “Biomedical Big Data Analytics Using IoT in Health Informatics,” Pawan Singh Gangwar and Yasha Hasija present are view of healthcare big data analytics and biomedical IoT and aim to describe it. Wearable devices play a major role in various environmental conditions like daily continuous health monitoring of people, weather forecasting and traffic management on roads. Such mobile apps and devices are presently used progressively and are interconnected with telehealth and telemedicine through the healthcare IoT. Enormous quantities of data are consistently generated by such kinds of devices and are stored on the cloud platforms. Such large amounts of biomedical data are periodically gathered by intelligent sensors and transmitted for remote medical diagnostics.
In Chapter 8, “Statistical Image Analysis of Drying Bovine Serum Albumin Droplets in Phosphate Buffered Saline,” Anusuya Pal, Amalesh Gope and Germano S. Iannacchione have an important discussion about how statistical image data are monitored and analyzed. It is revealed that the image processing techniques can be used to understand and quantify the textural features that emerge during the drying process. The image processing methodology adopted in this chapter is certainly useful in quantifying the textural changes of the patterns at different saline concentrations those dictate the ubiquitous stages of the drying process.
In Chapter 9, “Introduction to Deep Learning in Health Informatics,” Monika Jyotiyana and Nishtha Kesswani discuss deep learning applications in biomedical data. Because of the vital role played by biomedical data, this is an emergent field in the health sector. These days, health industries focus on the correct and on-time treatment provided to the subject for their betterment while avoiding any negative aspects. The huge amount of data brings enormous opportunities as well as challenges. Deep learning and AI techniques provide a sustainable environment and enhancement over machine learning and other state-of-the-art theories.
In Chapter 10, “Data Mining Techniques and Algorithms in Psychiatric Health: A Systematic Review,” Shikha Gupta, Nitish Mehndiratta, Swarnim Sinha, Sangana Chaturvedi and Mehak Singla review the latest literature belonging to the intercessions for data mining in mental health covering many techniques and algorithms linked with data mining in the most prevalent diseases such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Some of the academic databases used for this literature review are Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore and Research Gate, which include a handful of e-journals for study and research-based materials.
In Chapter 11, “Deep Learning Applications in Medical Image Analysis,” Ananya Singha, Rini Smita Thakur and Tushar Patel present detailed information about deep learning and its recent advancements in aiding medical image analysis. Also discussed are the variations that have evolved across different techniques of deep learning according to challenges in specific fields; and emphasizes one such extensively used tool, convolution neural network (CNN), in medical image analysis.
In Chapter 12, “Role of Medical Image Analysis in Oncology,” Gaganpreet Kaur, Hardik Garg, Kumari Heena, Lakhvir Singh, Navroz Kaur, Shubham Kumar and Shadab Alam give deep insight into the cancer studies used traditionally and the use of modern practices in medical image analysis used for them. Cancer is a disease caused due to uncontrolled division of cells other than normal body cells in any part of the body. It is among one of the most dreadful diseases affecting the whole world; moreover, the number of people suffering from this fatal disease is increasing day by day.
In Chapter 13, “A Comparative Analysis of Classifiers Using Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection,” Chandra Sekhar Biswal, Subhendu Kumar Pani and Sujata Dash analyze the performance of classifiers using particle swarm optimization-based feature selection. Medical science researchers can collect several patients’ data and build an effective model by feature selection methods for better prediction of disease cure rate. In other words, the data acts just as an input into some kind of competitive decision-making mechanism that might place the company ahead of its rivals.
Concluding Remarks
The chapters of this book were written by eminent professors, researchers and those involved in the industry from different countries. The chapters were initially peer reviewed by the editorial board members, reviewers, and those in the industry, who themselves span many countries. The chapters are arranged to all have the basic introductory topics and advancements as well as future research directions, which enable budding researchers and engineers to pursue their work in this area.
Biomedical data mining for information retrieval is so diversified that it cannot be covered in a single book. However, with the encouraging research contributed by the researchers in this book, we (contributors), editorial board members, and reviewers tried to sum up the latest research domains, developments in the data analytics field, and applicable areas. First and foremost, we express our heartfelt appreciation to all the authors. We thank them all for considering and trusting this edited book as the platform for publishing their valuable work. We also thank all the authors for their kind co-operation extended during the various stages of processing of the manuscript. This edited book will serve as a motivating factor for those researchers who have spent years working as crime analysts, data analysts, statisticians, and budding researchers.
Dr. Sujata Dash Department of Computer Science and ApplicationNorth Orissa University, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, India
Dr. Subhendu Kumar Pani PrincipalKrupajal Computer Academy, BPUT, Odisha, India
Dr. S. Balamurugan Director of Research and Development Intelligent ResearchConsultancy Service (iRCS), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Ajith Abraham DirectorMIR Labs, USA May 2021
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Mortality Prediction of ICU Patients Using Machine Learning Techniques
