or fluctuari– driven by the waves.
fluctibus iactari– tossed hither and thither by the waves.
fluctibus (undis) obrui,7submergi– to be engulfed.
gurgitibus hauriri– to be drowned in the eddies.
flumen citatum fertur– the rivers flows with a rapid current.
flumen imbribus auctum– a river swollen by the rain.
flumen super ripas effunditur– the river is over its banks, is in flood.
flumen extra ripas diffluit– the river is over its banks, is in flood.
flumen agros inundat 8– the river floods the fields.
flumen vado transire– to wade across, to ford a river.
flumine secundo– with the stream; downstream.
flumine adverso– against the stream; upstream.
Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus– the Rhine rises in the Alps.
accessus et recessus aestuum– ebb and flow (of tide).
decessus aestus– the ebb.
aestus maritimi mutuo accedentes et recedentes (N. D. 2. 53. 132) – the alternation of tides.
aestus ex alto se incitat (B. G. 3.12) – the tide is coming in.
aestu rursus minuente– when the tide begins to go down.
mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur– there is a storm at sea.
mare medium or internum9– the Mediterranean Sea.
4. Fire
ignem facere, accendere– to light, make a fire.
ignem tectis inferre, subicere– to set fire to houses.
ignem concipere, comprehendere– to take fire.
ignem excitare (pro Mur. 25. 51) – to make up, stir up a fire.
ignem alere– to keep up a fire.
accendere, incendere aedificia– to set buildings on fire.
inflammare urbem– to set fire to a city.
flammis corripi– to be devoured by the flames.
incendio flagrare, or simply conflagrare, ardere (Liv. 30. 7) – to be on fire, in flames.
incendio deleri, absūmi– to be burned to ashes.
igni cremari, necari– to perish in the flames.
ignem conclamare– to raise an alarm of fire.
ventus ignem distulit (B. G. 5. 43) – the wind spread the conflagration.
5. Air – Sky – Climate – Heavenly Bodies
aer terrae circumiectus or circumfusus– the atmosphere.
aer qui est terrae proximus– the atmosphere.
suspicere 10 (in) caelum– to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky.
oculos tollere, attollere ad caelum– to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky.
sub divo– in the open air.
orbis finiens (Div. 2. 44. 92) – the horizon.
caelum or natura caeli– climate.
caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli (opp. grave, gravitas) – healthy climate.
caeli temperatio– temperate climate.
aer calore et frigore temperatus– temperate climate.
caeli asperitas– rough climate.
caeli varietas– variable climate.
caelestia– (1) the heavenly bodies, (2) celestial phenomena.
sol oritur, occidit– the sun rises, sets.
ortus, occasus solis– sunrise; sunset.
sol 11(luna) deficit, obscuratur– the sun, moon, is eclipsed.
solis defectio– an eclipse of the sun.
luna crescit; decrescit, senescit– the moon waxes, wanes.
motus stellarum constantes et rati– the regular courses of the stars.
cursum conficere in caelo– to run its course in the sky.
caelum astris distinctum et ornatum– the star-lit sky; the firmament.
nox sideribus illustris– a star-light night.
stellae errantes, vagae– the planets.
stellae inerrantes (N. D. 2. 21. 54) – the fixed stars.
sidera certis locis infixa– the fixed stars.
orbis lacteus– the milky way.
orbis signifer– the zodiac.
vertex caeli, axis caeli, cardo caeli– the pole.
orbis, pars (terrae), cingulus– a zone.
orbis medius– the temperate zone.
6. Natural Phenomena
vocis imago, or simply imago12– an echo.
saxa voci respondent or resonant– the rocks re-echo.
ventus remittit (opp. increbrescit) – the wind is falling.
ventus cadit, cessat– the wind dies down, ceases.
ventis secundis, adversis uti– to have favourable, contrary, winds.
ventus se vertit in Africum– the wind is turning to the south-west.
tempestas
So metaphorically,
Inundation =
The Romans called it
For an account of an eclipse
Also metaphorically, e.g.
